KEGG ENZYME: 1.1.1.365

KEGG

ENZYME: 1.1.1.365

Entry

EC 1.1.1.365                Enzyme

Name

D-galacturonate reductase;
GalUR;
gar1 (gene name)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor

Sysname

L-galactonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07676]

Reaction(KEGG)

Substrate

L-galactonate [CPD:C15930];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]

Product

D-galacturonate [CPD:C00333];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]

Comment

The enzyme from plants is involved in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis [1,2]. The enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) is involved in a eukaryotic degradation pathway of D-galacturonate. It is also active with D-glucuronate and glyceraldehyde [3]. Neither enzyme shows any activity with NADH.

History

EC 1.1.1.365 created 2013

Pathway

Pentose and glucuronate interconversions

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

D-galacturonate reductase

D-galacturonate reductase

Genes

TCC:	18609968 18609969 18609970

GRA:

105794339

GHI:	107909951 107948305

GAB:

108488709

120124831

DZI:	111287841 111318131

EGR:

104432997

QSA:	O6P43_026045

FVE:

101312822

RCN:	112179335 112180478 112197683

18792656

103320996 103320997

110762797 110762798

117615044

MDM:	103403467 103403490 114820654

126597321 126606293 126608385

PXB:	103943126 103943129

115723940

CSV:	101206206 101220899 105434417

CMO:	103485931 103504508 127151316

BHJ:	120079163 120082065

111023026

111487459

111447573

111776980

HBR:

110634149

110604780 110605509

JRE:

108996990

122309300

QSU:	112039299 112039897

QLO:	115979225 115982098

TWL:

120013951

VVI:	100233130 100254148

VRI:	117912187 117914996 117915195

SLY:

101256763

107016409

SOT:

102586306

125856242 125856604

129869902

LBB:

132614896

NTA:	107770207 107822373

NSY:

104245176

NTO:

104110610

NAU:

109216145

INI:

109166850

ITR:

116003821

105160165 105160170 105160182

OEU:

111399339

EGT:

105954242

121793704 121798253 121807646

130993240

125204589 125212614

127244994

HAN:	110870024 110872872 110872873 110872885 110872886 110894612 110894613 110894616 110894617

122578637 122581227 122586087 122608799 122610221

LSV:	111905193 111918309 111918314

114311083

RVL:	131301271 131301441

AEW:	130756771 130766070 130781069 130781622 130795620

MOF:

131153318

NNU:

104588465

122078230

113293294 113360647

QC761_121080(GAR1_1)

QC762_121080(GAR1_1)

QC763_121080(GAR1_1)

QC764_121080(GAR1_1)

FPOAC1_005103(GAR1)

FVN:	FVRRES_05631

FFC:	NCS54_00441100

FKR:	NCS57_00448000

FMU:	J7337_008889(GAR1_2)

TRE:	TRIREDRAFT_22004(gar1)

VFPPC_06692

LMH87_001790

JDV02_008185(GAR1_2)

CLUP02_14820

CH63R_10014

Reference

1 [PMID:13363799]

Authors

ISHERWOOD FA, MAPSON LW

Title

Biological synthesis of ascorbic acid: the conversion of derivatives of D-galacturonic acid into L-ascorbic acid by plant extracts.

Journal

Biochem J 64:13-22 (1956)
DOI:10.1042/bj0640013

Reference

2 [PMID:12524550]

Authors

Agius F, Gonzalez-Lamothe R, Caballero JL, Munoz-Blanco J, Botella MA, Valpuesta V

Title

Engineering increased vitamin C levels in plants by overexpression of a D-galacturonic acid reductase.

Journal

Nat Biotechnol 21:177-81 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nbt777

Sequence

Reference

3 [PMID:16101307]

Authors

Kuorelahti S, Kalkkinen N, Penttila M, Londesborough J, Richard P

Title

Identification in the mold Hypocrea jecorina of the first fungal D-galacturonic acid reductase.

Journal

Biochemistry 44:11234-40 (2005)
DOI:10.1021/bi050792f

Sequence

Reference

4 [PMID:18768163]

Authors

Martens-Uzunova ES, Schaap PJ

Title

An evolutionary conserved d-galacturonic acid metabolic pathway operates across filamentous fungi capable of pectin degradation.

Journal

Fungal Genet Biol 45:1449-57 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.08.002

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

DBGET integrated database retrieval system