KEGG   ENZYME: 1.13.11.84
Entry
EC 1.13.11.84               Enzyme                                 
Name
crocetin dialdehyde synthase;
CCD2;
zeaxanthin 7,8-dioxygenase
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases);
With incorporation of two atoms of oxygen
Sysname
zeaxanthin:oxygen 7',8'-oxidoreductase (bond-cleaving)
Reaction(IUBMB)
zeaxanthin + 2 O2 = crocetin dialdehyde + 2 3beta-hydroxy-beta-cyclocitral (overall reaction) [RN:R09603];
(1a) zeaxanthin + O2 = 3beta-hydroxy-8'-apo-beta-carotenal + 3beta-hydroxy-beta-cyclocitral [RN:R10843];
(1b) 3beta-hydroxy-8'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 = crocetin dialdehyde + 3beta-hydroxy-beta-cyclocitral [RN:R10844]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
zeaxanthin [CPD:C06098];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
3beta-hydroxy-8'-apo-beta-carotenal [CPD:C20894]
Product
crocetin dialdehyde [CPD:C19730];
3beta-hydroxy-beta-cyclocitral [CPD:C19731];
3beta-hydroxy-8'-apo-beta-carotenal [CPD:C20894]
Comment
The enzyme, characterized from the plant Crocus sativus (saffron), acts twice, cleaving 3beta-hydroxy-beta-cyclocitral off each 3-hydroxy end group. It is part of the zeaxanthin degradation pathway in that plant, leading to the different compounds that impart the color, flavor and aroma of the saffron spice. The enzyme can similarly cleave the 7-8 double bond of other carotenoids with a 3-hydroxy-beta-carotenoid end group.
History
EC 1.13.11.84 created 2011 as EC 1.14.99.42, modified 2014, transferred 2017 to EC 1.13.11.84
Pathway
ec00999  Biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K22458  crocetin dialdehyde synthase
Reference
1  [PMID:25097262]
  Authors
Frusciante S, Diretto G, Bruno M, Ferrante P, Pietrella M, Prado-Cabrero A, Rubio-Moraga A, Beyer P, Gomez-Gomez L, Al-Babili S, Giuliano G
  Title
Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin biosynthesis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:12246-51 (2014)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1404629111
  Sequence
Reference
2  [PMID:26377696]
  Authors
Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Berman J, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C, Gomez-Gomez L
  Title
The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD2 catalysing the synthesis of crocetin in spring crocuses and saffron is a plastidial enzyme.
  Journal
New Phytol 209:650-63 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/nph.13609
  Sequence
Reference
3  [PMID:28981773]
  Authors
Ahrazem O, Diretto G, Argandona J, Rubio-Moraga A, Julve JM, Orzaez D, Granell A, Gomez-Gomez L
  Title
Evolutionarily distinct carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases are responsible for crocetin production in Buddleja davidii.
  Journal
J Exp Bot 68:4663-4677 (2017)
DOI:10.1093/jxb/erx277
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.13.11.84
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.13.11.84
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.13.11.84
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.13.11.84

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