KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.15.17

ENZYME: 1.14.15.17

Entry

EC 1.14.15.17               Enzyme

Name

pheophorbide a oxygenase;
pheide a monooxygenase;
pheide a oxygenase;
PaO;
PAO

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

pheophorbide-a,ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (biladiene-forming)

Reaction(IUBMB)

pheophorbide a + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster (overall reaction) [RN:R08921];
(1a) pheophorbide a + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = epoxypheophorbide a + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O [RN:R11227];
(1b) epoxypheophorbide a + H2O = red chlorophyll catabolite (spontaneous) [RN:R11228]

Reaction(KEGG)

R08921 R11227 R11228

Substrate

pheophorbide a [CPD:C18021];
reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster [CPD:C00138];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
epoxypheophorbide a [CPD:C21192];
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Product

red chlorophyll catabolite [CPD:C18022];
oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster [CPD:C00139];
epoxypheophorbide a [CPD:C21192];
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Comment

This enzyme catalyses a key reaction in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence and fruit ripening in higher plants. The enzyme from Arabidopsis contains a Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster [2] and requires reduced ferredoxin, which is generated either by NADPH through the pentose-phosphate pathway or by the action of photosystem I [4]. While still attached to this enzyme, the product is rapidly converted into primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite by the action of EC 1.3.7.12, red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [2,6]. Pheophorbide b acts as an inhibitor. In 18O2 labelling experiments, only the aldehyde oxygen is labelled, suggesting that the other oxygen atom may originate from H2O [1].

History

EC 1.14.15.17 created 2007 as EC 1.14.12.20, transferred 2016 to EC 1.14.15.17

Pathway

ec00860

Porphyrin metabolism

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K13071

pheophorbide a oxygenase

Genes

ATH:	AT3G44880(ACD1)

ALY:

9311768

CRB:

17886611

CSAT:

104710959 104780339 104790741

EUS:	EUTSA_v10002475mg

BRP:	103873062(PAO)

BNA:	106428557 111202294

BOE:

106314152

RSZ:

108843569

THJ:

104810883

CPAP:

110815591

CIT:

102625487

CIC:	CICLE_v10028147mg

PVY:

116146414

MINC:

123224875

TCC:

18590461

GRA:

105792030

GHI:	107912983 107954179

GAB:

108488406

HSYR:

120142006 120144094 120159901 120160010

DZI:

111303747

EGR:

104434044

GMX:	100812162 778121

GSJ:	114374966 114379955

PVU:	PHAVU_011G0867001

VRA:

106756471

VAR:

108340678

VUN:

114169785

VUM:	124833785 124839672

CCAJ:

109799081

APRC:

113857686

MTR:

11411058

TPRA:

123919883

CAM:

101513298

PSAT:

127100673

VVO:	131638670 131640838

LJA:	Lj3g3v3032090.1(Lj3g3v3032090.1)

ADU:

107476453

AIP:

107629280

AHF:	112736431 112785193

LANG:

109325727

PCIN:

129316084

QSA:	O6P43_000391

FVE:

101295785

RCN:

112164842

PPER:

18773030

PMUM:

103326271

PAVI:

110755322

PDUL:

117630136

MDM:

103448044

MSYL:

126589572

PXB:	103947727(PAO)

ZJU:

107410684

MNT:

21395013

CSAV:

115701465

CSV:

101217499

CMO:

103500813

BHJ:

120082996

MCHA:

111020548

CMAX:

111469310

CMOS:

111464914

CPEP:

111782848

RCU:

8275254

JCU:

105627999

HBR:	110660525 110673306

MESC:

110613441

POP:

18098257

PEU:

105128358

PALZ:

118038771

JRE:	109000632 109001071

CILL:

122292272 122295085

CAVE:

132163545

QSU:	111988433 112031559

QLO:

115980391

TWL:

119991014

VVI:

100256831

VRI:

117916257

SLY:

543677

SPEN:

107004514

SOT:

102579316

SSTN:

125844498

SDUL:

129903891

CANN:

107847505

LBB:

132600484

NTA:	107805002 107817296

NSY:

104230562

NTO:

104101187

NAU:

109236990

INI:

109181409

ITR:

116026168

SIND:

105169951

EGT:

105958550

SSPL:

121741881 121744985

SMIL:

131020025

SHIS:

125213192

APAN:

127253759

HAN:

110890956

ECAD:

122581878

LSV:

111886016

CCAV:

112519778

DCR:

108192785

CSIN:

114267306

RVL:

131314976

AEW:	130770116 130781441

BVG:

104902984

SOE:

110787958

CQI:	110691778 110730868

ATRI:

130806216

MOF:

131149515

NNU:	104587323 104604584

MING:

122057361

TSS:

122650451

PSOM:

113310446 113338679

OSA:

4331611

DOSA:

Os03t0146400-01(Os03g0146400)

OBR:

102703661

OGL:

127767351

BDI:

100840185

ATS:

109738799

TDC:	119287653 119291764

TAES:

101290687 123088137 123098772

TUA:

125552929

LPER:

127296692

LRD:

124701433

SBI:

8085484

ZMA:

103631716

SITA:

101766370

SVS:

117839075

PVIR:

120647311 120691099

PHAI:

112874891

PDA:

103723245

EGU:

105043024

MUS:

103982755

ZOF:	121989308 121998254

DCT:

110105134

PEQ:

110024671

AOF:

109839369

MSIN:

131225496

NCOL:

116266420

ATR:

18432947

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_174928 SELMODRAFT_177205

PPP:	112279655 112284490

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_205252

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:9624113]

Authors

Hortensteiner S, Wuthrich KL, Matile P, Ongania KH, Krautler B.

Title

The key step in chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. Cleavage of pheophorbide a macrocycle by a monooxygenase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 273:15335-9 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15335

Reference

2 [PMID:14657372]

Authors

Pruzinska A, Tanner G, Anders I, Roca M, Hortensteiner S

Title

Chlorophyll breakdown: pheophorbide a oxygenase is a Rieske-type iron-sulfur protein, encoded by the accelerated cell death 1 gene.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15259-64 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2036571100

Sequence

[ath:AT3G44880]

Reference

3 [PMID:16844830]

Authors

Chung DW, Pruzinska A, Hortensteiner S, Ort DR.

Title

The role of pheophorbide a oxygenase expression and activity in the canola green seed problem.

Journal

Plant Physiol 142:88-97 (2006)
DOI:10.1104/pp.106.084483

Reference

4 [PMID:12223835]

Authors

Rodoni S, Muhlecker W, Anderl M, Krautler B, Moser D, Thomas H, Matile P, Hortensteiner S.

Title

Chlorophyll Breakdown in Senescent Chloroplasts (Cleavage of Pheophorbide a in Two Enzymic Steps).

Journal

Plant Physiol 115:669-676 (1997)
DOI:10.1104/pp.115.2.669

Reference

5 [PMID:16669755]

Authors

Hortensteiner S.

Title

Chlorophyll degradation during senescence.

Journal

Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:55-77 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105212

Reference

6 [PMID:17237353]

Authors

Pruzinska A, Anders I, Aubry S, Schenk N, Tapernoux-Luthi E, Muller T, Krautler B, Hortensteiner S.

Title

In vivo participation of red chlorophyll catabolite reductase in chlorophyll breakdown.

Journal

Plant Cell 19:369-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.106.044404

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.14.15.17

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.14.15.17

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.14.15.17

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.14.15.17

DBGET integrated database retrieval system