KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.99.64
Entry
EC 1.14.99.64               Enzyme                                 
Name
zeaxanthin 4-ketolase;
BKT (ambiguous);
crtW148 (gene name)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
Miscellaneous
Sysname
zeaxanthin,donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (adonixanthin-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O [RN:R07571];
(2) adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 = (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O [RN:R07573]
Reaction(KEGG)
R07571 R07573;
(other) R07557 R07565 R07566
Substrate
zeaxanthin [CPD:C06098];
reduced acceptor [CPD:C00030];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
adonixanthin [CPD:C15968]
Product
adonixanthin [CPD:C15968];
acceptor [CPD:C00028];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
(3S,3'S)-astaxanthin [CPD:C08580]
Comment
The enzyme has a similar activity to that of EC 1.14.99.63, beta-carotene 4-ketolase, but unlike that enzyme is able to also act on zeaxanthin.
History
EC 1.14.99.64 created 2018
Pathway
ec00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K09836  beta-carotene/zeaxanthin 4-ketolase
Genes
CRE: CHLRE_04g215000v5
VCN: VOLCADRAFT_127303(cbk1)
MNG: MNEG_0808
RTA: Rta_07690
PECT: BN1012_Phect1197
NEO: CYG48_21980
BRA: BRADO6505(crtW)
DRH: JI748_12795
JAV: OXU80_11185
ACUT: MRB58_16345
BSB: Bresu_2277
BRD: JL11_05885
BRG: A4249_04370
BRL: BZG35_08080
BVC: CEP68_00760
BREV: E7T10_10705
BFQ: JX001_09310
BRES: E4341_10205
BREA: HZ989_10865
PARR: EOJ32_07405
PAAK: FIU66_14240
PLIA: E4191_05660
PMAU: CP157_02151
PAEX: JHW48_06580
STAX: MC45_05465
SPII: G7077_12810
SARI: H5J25_02995
POQ: KZX46_16525
PMEA: KTC28_14705
ARUE: QQX03_03980
ANH: A6F65_02210
EGN: BMF35_a0114
QAR: K3148_08915
QPS: K3166_02545
ELI: ELI_03320
ELQ: Ga0102493_111887
ERK: CD351_13650
ERF: FIU90_13605
PNS: A9D12_01075
PORL: BG023_112625
PHZ: CHX26_14210
POT: E2E27_07845
AFLV: QQW98_01865
RMT: IAI58_06190
PBR: PB2503_11009
MXA: MXAN_6049
MSD: MYSTI_06679
MYM: A176_000846
MFB: MFUL124B02_35020
MYX: QEG98_33260
CCX: COCOR_06583(crtW)
MFU: LILAB_16045
MMAS: MYMAC_005830
SUR: STAUR_6754
AGE: AA314_08745
AVM: JQX13_03460
MBD: MEBOL_001798
CFUS: CYFUS_008473
BSED: DN745_03185
PCAY: FRD00_10870
BBAE: FRD01_08870
SYE: Syncc9902_0972
SYG: sync_1804
SYR: SynRCC307_1993
SYX: SynWH7803_0928
SYNE: Syn6312_1321
SYNP: Syn7502_01940
SYNR: KR49_01350
SYNW: SynWH8103_01530
SYNC: CB0101_02080
SYW: SYNW1368
CGC: Cyagr_0842
CYI: CBM981_2741
CMP: Cha6605_0315 Cha6605_4514 Cha6605_5744
CYN: Cyan7425_5230
CEP: Cri9333_0170
LEN: LEP3755_43260
LET: O77CONTIG1_02125
LBO: LBWT_26070
PSER: ABRG53_3046
PGX: OA858_21975
THEU: HPC62_21880
TOG: HNI00_06650
TSIN: OXH18_10945
GLP: Glo7428_2965 Glo7428_3135
GDU: P0S91_03570 P0S91_20390
GEN: GM3709_2452
GEE: GM3708_1863
CYL: AA637_00845(crtW)
SYP: SYNPCC7002_A2809(crtW)
SYV: AWQ23_14010
SYL: AWQ21_14130
LEP: Lepto7376_2015
SYNN: NIES970_00110(crtW)
CYJ: Cyan7822_5104
PPSU: NO713_05200
MPRO: BJP34_32830
GVI: gll1728(crtO)
GLJ: GKIL_3296
GML: ISF26_01080
ANA: alr3189
NPU: Npun_F4798 Npun_F5919
NOS: Nos7107_4978
NON: NOS3756_22680
NFL: COO91_05771
NOE: CLI64_28530
NSH: GXM_04354
NED: HUN01_17815
NPZ: ACX27_02575
AVA: Ava_2048 Ava_3888
ANN: EH233_18150 EH233_26505
CSG: Cylst_4235
HBQ: QI031_27295
CALO: Cal7507_3244
CALN: NIES2098_00100 NIES2098_59210
CALS: NIES3974_44280
RIV: Riv7116_6021
NSP: BMF81_04508(crtW)
NSPH: BDGGKGIB_03778
AEE: IM676_10055 IM676_10090
TOQ: HCG51_00755 HCG51_17065
ALAX: NIES50_22160 NIES50_54250
NCN: BZZ01_29270
CTHE: Chro_2833
ANF: AQPE_1619
PEJ: FYC62_10455
PEK: FFJ24_025845
PROE: H9L23_26345
PEX: IZT61_17375
PMUO: LOK61_20665
PRK: H9N25_24170
MUP: A0256_02290
MUH: HYN43_029965
MGK: FSB76_16670
MRUB: DEO27_031185
MGOS: DIU38_032765
MDJ: LLH06_01495
MROB: HH214_14990
MJJ: PQO05_23405
MSAB: SNE25_31725
SBX: CA265_25400
CMR: Cycma_1287
CAMU: CA2015_1201
BBD: Belba_0846
EVI: Echvi_1481
EST: DN752_10555
ECHI: FKX85_07085
EMAI: KZP23_05095
ALM: AO498_03135
ALGO: GYM62_17075
MDA: IPZ59_03515
RHOZ: GXP67_07560
PSEZ: HME7025_02005
AANH: G9X63_07945
ALEN: G9X62_08050
RSI: Runsl_3500
RUN: DR864_08270
RUP: DTQ70_16765
FAE: FAES_3517(crtO)
FIB: A6C57_24720
FLI: Fleli_2161
HSW: Hsw_1159
HYM: N008_02185
HYD: PK28_06820
HYE: AM218_09395
HYG: AUC43_16265
HYP: A0257_09415
HYZ: AXW84_06265
HNV: DDQ68_22105
HYH: D3Y59_07865
HYJ: FHG12_02820
HQI: H9L05_01275
HRS: HER32_16970
HBN: GUY19_07525
HTS: HMJ29_13310
HMT: MTP16_18120
HTB: MTX78_06855
HYK: O9Z63_03240
HSK: H4317_13700
HCW: O3303_01465
HSB: MWH26_04125
HAEI: MUN82_12750
HCU: MUN79_13255
HVL: MUN86_06380
HCF: MUN80_12195
PKO: PKOR_22120
PACT: CA264_10885
RUF: TH63_10565
RTI: DC20_01375
RUD: TH61_00060
NIB: GU926_05430
ADD: HUW48_15820
ASWU: HUW51_16685
FBT: D770_17135
PRHO: PZB74_16595
TPEL: P0M28_27955
RSR: T7867_04160
IAL: IALB_0392
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:21398427]
  Authors
Zhong YJ, Huang JC, Liu J, Li Y, Jiang Y, Xu ZF, Sandmann G, Chen F
  Title
Functional characterization of various algal carotenoid ketolases reveals that ketolating zeaxanthin efficiently is essential for high production of astaxanthin in transgenic Arabidopsis.
  Journal
J Exp Bot 62:3659-69 (2011)
DOI:10.1093/jxb/err070
Reference
2  [PMID:22526507]
  Authors
Huang J, Zhong Y, Sandmann G, Liu J, Chen F
  Title
Cloning and selection of carotenoid ketolase genes for the engineering of high-yield astaxanthin in plants.
  Journal
Planta 236:691-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00425-012-1654-6
  Sequence
[ag:AEM45620]
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.14.99.64
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.14.99.64
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.14.99.64
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.14.99.64

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Pathway (4)   
   KEGG PATHWAY (4)   
Chemical substance (13)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (13)   
Chemical reaction (6)   
   KEGG REACTION (5)   
   KEGG RCLASS (1)   
Gene (682)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (1)   
   KEGG GENES (212)   
   KEGG MGENES (259)   
   RefGene (210)   
Protein sequence (2)   
   UniProt (1)   
   SWISS-PROT (1)   
Protein domain (2)   
   InterPro (2)   
All databases (709)   

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