KEGG ENZYME: 1.3.2.3

ENZYME: 1.3.2.3

Entry

EC 1.3.2.3                  Enzyme

Name

L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase;
galactonolactone dehydrogenase;
L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase;
L-galactono-gamma-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase;
GLDHase;
GLDase

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a cytochrome as acceptor

Sysname

L-galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 4 ferricytochrome c = L-dehydroascorbate + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 4 H+ (overall reaction) [RN:R12144];
(1a) L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ [RN:R00640];
(1b) L-ascorbate + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-dehydroascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ (spontaneous) [RN:R07679]

Reaction(KEGG)

R00640 R07679 R12144

Substrate

L-galactono-1,4-lactone [CPD:C01115];
ferricytochrome c [CPD:C00125];
L-ascorbate [CPD:C00072]

Product

L-dehydroascorbate [CPD:C05422];
ferrocytochrome c [CPD:C00126];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
L-ascorbate [CPD:C00072]

Comment

This enzyme catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants and in nearly all higher animals with the exception of primates and some birds [5]. The enzyme is very specific for its substrate L-galactono-1,4-lactone as D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-gulono-gamma-lactone, L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-erythronic-gamma-lactone, D-xylonic-gamma-lactone, L-mannono-gamma-lactone, D-galactonate, D-glucuronate and D-gluconate are not substrates [5]. FAD, NAD+, NADP+ and O2 (cf. EC 1.3.3.12, L-galactonolactone oxidase) cannot act as electron acceptor [5].

History

EC 1.3.2.3 created 1961, modified 2006

Pathway

ec00053

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K00225

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase

Genes

TCF:

131883384

ATH:	AT3G47930(GLDH)

ALY:

9313653

CRB:

17884875

CSAT:

104711271 104780602 104791004

EUS:	EUTSA_v10010214mg

BRP:	103873188(GLDH)

BNA:	106389550 106410745

BOE:

106335860

RSZ:

108812165

THJ:

104816408

CPAP:

110822775

CIT:

102611546

CIC:	CICLE_v100046031m

PVY:	116132103 116145983

MINC:

123217160

TCC:

18598808

GRA:

105761589

GHI:	107925893 107942591

GAB:

108473872

HSYR:

120157993 120187773

DZI:

111311469

EGR:

104444330

GMX:	100526948 100793515

GSJ:	114372241 114391681

PVU:	PHAVU_007G247900g

VRA:

106772555

VAR:

108326445

VUN:

114191879

VUM:

124840132

CCAJ:

109805599

APRC:

113871303

MTR:

11434475

TPRA:

123902271

CAM:

101498593

PSAT:

127098460

VVO:

131595621

LJA:	Lj5g3v0931500.1(Lj5g3v0931500.1)

ADU:

107474610

AIP:

107625443

AHF:	112727599 112745243

LANG:

109336341

PCIN:

129294807

QSA:	O6P43_006417 O6P43_006433 O6P43_010087

FVE:

101296499

RCN:

112187885

PPER:

18769548

PMUM:

103339235

PAVI:

110770247

PDUL:

117634125

MDM:

103423291

MSYL:

126592486

PXB:	103933975 103940638

ZJU:

107433785

MNT:

21398632

CSAV:

115710146 115711288

CSV:

101215955

CMO:

103497260

BHJ:

120073973

MCHA:

111021307

CMAX:

111465966

CMOS:

111432481

CPEP:

111781077

RCU:

8286649

JCU:

105645077

HBR:

110672781

MESC:

110620975

POP:

7464114

PEU:

105131724

PALZ:

118031930

JRE:

108981186

CILL:

122279591

CAVE:

132162017

QSU:

112012043

QLO:

115952607

TWL:	119992580 119998352

VVI:

100233005

VRI:

117921229

SLY:	544206(gldh)

SPEN:

107002402

SOT:	102577860(GLDH)

SSTN:

125866344

SDUL:

129876073

CANN:

107843896

LBB:

132607460

NTA:	107787357 107793071(GLDHase) 107806941

NSY:

104221614

NTO:

104110446

NAU:

109233051

INI:

109182270

ITR:

116006922

SIND:

105159882

OEU:

111392244

EGT:

105949321

SSPL:

121749499 121753111

SMIL:

131002450

SHIS:

125188649

APAN:

127256660

HAN:

110897681

ECAD:

122581438

LSV:

111904091

CCAV:

112512576

DCR:

108227887

CSIN:

114256949

RVL:

131318620

AEW:

130757673

BVG:

104889449

SOE:

110778008

CQI:	110710509 110712825

ATRI:

130815490

MOF:

131167772

NNU:

104608844

MING:

122065810

TSS:	122649967 122650837 122651937

PSOM:

113322103

OSA:	4349749 4351464

DOSA:

Os11t0143500-01(Os11g0143500) Os12t0139600-01(Os12g0139600)

OBR:	102701949 102720290

OGL:	127755490 127758059

BDI:

100840661

ATS:

109745724

TDC:

119308312

TAES:

123103035 123111215 123120310

TUA:

125508638

LPER:

127321787

LRD:	124653238 124654118

SBI:

110435654

ZMA:

100381436

SITA:

101756029 101769296

SVS:	117833525 117863849

PVIR:

120643526 120684672

PHAI:

112887043 112902336

PDA:

103720720

EGU:

105045546

MUS:

103988691

ZOF:	121992252 122010396 122016917

DCT:

110114488

PEQ:

110018206

AOF:

109827193

MSIN:

131236723

NCOL:

116246335

ATR:

18433193

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_105274 SELMODRAFT_98882

PPP:

112290963

CRE:	CHLRE_13g567100v5

VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_88191

MNG:	MNEG_10953

CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_38144

CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_28225

APRO:

F751_5711

OLU:	OSTLU_1854

OTA:	OT_ostta04g02660

BPG:	Bathy06g04900

MIS:	MICPUN_58063

MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_57072(JGI:MicpuC2_57072)

CME:	CYME_CMD093C

CCP:	CHC_T00000692001

MBR:	MONBRDRAFT_38173

SRE:	PTSG_03222

PTI:	PHATRDRAFT_23292

FCY:	FRACYDRAFT_227121(GLDH)

TPS:	THAPSDRAFT_268544

NGD:	NGA_2082000

AAF:	AURANDRAFT_70295

PIF:	PITG_05465

PSOJ:

PHYSODRAFT_485337

SPAR:

SPRG_04571

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_70809

» show all

Reference

Authors

Mapson, L.W. and Breslow, E.

Title

Properties of partially purified L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase.

Journal

Biochem J 65:29 (1957)

Reference

2 [PMID:13126087]

Authors

MAPSON LW, ISHERWOOD FA, CHEN YT.

Title

Biological synthesis of L-ascorbic acid: the conversion of L-galactono-gamma-lactone into L-ascorbic acid by plant mitochondria.

Journal

Biochem J 56:21-8 (1954)
DOI:10.1042/bj0560021

Reference

3 [PMID:13126085]

Authors

ISHERWOOD FA, CHEN YT, MAPSON LW.

Title

Synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants and animals.

Journal

Biochem J 56:1-15 (1954)
DOI:10.1042/bj0560001

Reference

4 [PMID:7775377]

Authors

Oba K, Ishikawa S, Nishikawa M, Mizuno H, Yamamoto T.

Title

Purification and properties of L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis, from sweet potato roots.

Journal

J Biochem (Tokyo) 117:120-4 (1995)
DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124697

Reference

5 [PMID:9374475]

Authors

Ostergaard J, Persiau G, Davey MW, Bauw G, Van Montagu M

Title

Isolation of a cDNA coding for L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning, and expression in yeast.

Journal

J Biol Chem 272:30009-16 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30009

Sequence

[ag:CAB09796]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.3.2.3

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.3.2.3

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.3.2.3

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.3.2.3

CAS:

9029-02-1

DBGET integrated database retrieval system