KEGG ENZYME: 1.3.8.2

ENZYME: 1.3.8.2

Entry

EC 1.3.8.2                  Enzyme

Name

4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming);
dehydrosqualene desaturase (ambiguous);
CrtN (ambiguous);
4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (ambiguous);
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase;
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (ambiguous)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a flavin as acceptor

Sysname

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)

Reaction(IUBMB)

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2 (overall reaction) [RN:R09690];
(1a) 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FADH2 [RN:R09719];
(1b) all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FADH2 [RN:R09744];
(1c) all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FADH2 [RN:R09745];
(1d) all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2 [RN:R09746]

Reaction(KEGG)

R09690 R09719 R09744 R09745 R09746;
(other) R07653

Substrate

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene [CPD:C16144];
FAD [CPD:C00016];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene

Product

all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene;
FADH2 [CPD:C01352];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene

Comment

The enzyme catalyses four successive dehydrogenations, resulting in production of 4,4'-diapolycopene. While the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus was only shown to produce 4,4'-diaponeurosporene in vivo [4], it is able to catalyse the last reaction in vitro [5].

History

EC 1.3.8.2 created 2011, modified 2011

Pathway

ec00906

Carotenoid biosynthesis

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K10209

4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase

Genes

MMT:	Metme_3722 Metme_3772

MDN:	JT25_002375

MDH:	AYM39_15940

MKO:	MKLM6_3292

METL:

U737_16980(crtI)

MPAD:

KEF85_14165(crtI)

MELL:

IVG45_20695(crtI)

MRP:	NM686_003125(crtI)

MAH:	MEALZ_3853

MBUR:

EQU24_21275

MPSY:

CEK71_14815

SDO:	SD1155_02585

BPU:

BPUM_1011

BPUM:

BW16_05795

BPUS:

UP12_05405

BIF:	N288_07335

BWH:	A9C19_15140

BXI:	BK049_02850

BALT:

CFN77_05400(crtI)

BAER:

BAE_12960

BSAF:

BSL056_05350

BACW:

QR42_05240

BACQ:

DOE78_06240

BZH:	NF868_04805(crtI)

BHK:	B4U37_06805

BMQ:	BMQ_0654(crtI)

BMD:	BMD_0657(crtI)

BMH:	BMWSH_4603

BMEG:

BG04_2946(crtI)

BLE:	BleG1_1579

BPF:	BpOF4_14550(crtN2)

AFL:

Aflv_2201

AGN:	AFK25_03135

LGY:	T479_06385

LCAP:

ICJ70_10440(crtI)

HHD:	HBHAL_2760(crtNa)

HMN:	HM131_12865

HLI:

HLI_02870

TAP:	GZ22_08215

TAID:

KS242_09310(crtI)

FPN:	ABE65_002075

POF:	GS400_07980(crtI)

BVQ:	FHE72_07975(crtI)

BBEV:

BBEV_1360(carC)

BSE:

Bsel_2215

SAU:	SA2348(crtN)

SAV:	SAV2561(crtN)

SAW:	SAHV_2545(crtN)

SAH:	SaurJH1_2637

SAJ:	SaurJH9_2583

SAM:	MW2482(crtN)

SAS:

SAS2447

SAR:	SAR2642(crtN)

SAC:	SACOL2576(crtN)

SAX:	USA300HOU_2556(crtN)

SAA:	SAUSA300_2498(crtN)

SAO:	SAOUHSC_02877

SAE:	NWMN_2461(crtN)

SAD:	SAAV_2627(crtN)

SUU:	M013TW_2535

SUV:	SAVC_11685

SUE:	SAOV_2606c

SUJ:	SAA6159_02457

SUK:	SAA6008_02600(crtN)

SUC:	ECTR2_2414(crtI)

SUT:	SAT0131_02772

SUQ:	HMPREF0772_10628(crtN)

SUZ:	MS7_2568(crtI)

SUD:	ST398NM01_2612

SUX:	SAEMRSA15_24640(crtN)

SUW:	SATW20_26830(crtN)

SUG:

SAPIG2612

SUF:	SARLGA251_23360(crtN)

SAUA:

SAAG_00382

SAUE:

RSAU_002402(crtN)

SAUN:

SAKOR_02552

SAUS:

SA40_2315(crtN)

SAUU:

SA957_2399(crtN)

SAUG:

SA268_2477(crtN)

SAUZ:

SAZ172_2661(crtN)

SAUT:

SAI1T1_2019060

SAUJ:

SAI2T2_1019070

SAUK:

SAI3T3_1019060

SAUQ:

SAI4T8_1019070

SAUV:

SAI7S6_1019060(crtN)

SAUW:

SAI5S5_1019000(crtN)

SAUX:

SAI6T6_1019010(crtN)

SAUY:

SAI8T7_1019040(crtN)

SAUF:

X998_2544

SAB:	SAB2434c(crtN)

SUY:	SA2981_2498(crtN)

SAUB:

C248_2619(crtN)

SAUM:

BN843_25980

SAUC:

CA347_2637(crtI)

SAUR:

SABB_01123(crtN)

SAUI:

AZ30_13420

SAUD:

CH52_06195

SAMS:

NI36_12815

SHA:	SH0491(crtN)

SHH:	ShL2_00392(crtN)

SLG:	SLGD_00188

SLN:	SLUG_01860(crtN)

SWA:	A284_01660

SPAS:

STP1_1063

SXY:	BE24_11825 BE24_13815

SXL:	SXYLSMQ121_0054

SXO:	SXYL_00054(crtN)

SCAP:

AYP1020_1732(crtN)

SEQO:

SE1039_25780

SNL:	BJD96_00600

SKL:	C7J89_02360

SHOM:

EGX58_06065(crtI)

SCAR:

DWB96_01950(crtI)

SCHR:

DWB92_00435(crtI)

SARL:

SAP2_00940(crtN)

SPIC:

SAMEA4384060_0089(crtN)

SSH:	NCTC13712_02517(crtN)

SSIM:

SAMEA4384339_2367(crtN)

SDB:	CNQ82_01440(crtI)

SLLO:

ISP08_00325(crtI)

SPSD:

JMB28_00835(crtI)

STAS:

HYI43_02295(crtI)

SURY:

MUA21_00270(crtI)

SDEV:

Q2T90_05245(crtI)

SROT:

ML435_12315

SSCU:

CEP64_13175

MLEN:

H3V22_08590(crtI)

ESI:

Exig_0735

EAT:	EAT1b_2490

EAN:

Eab7_0708

EXM:	U719_03895

EXU:	ESP131_06315

EAP:	KB235_12920(crtI)

EACE:

KKI46_04090(crtI)

EAUR:

NMQ00_11655(crtI)

EMM:	PTI97_03565(crtI)

EPF:	OE059_11135(crtI)

PMS:	KNP414_02936

PMQ:	PM3016_3176

PMW:

B2K_16065

PBD:	PBOR_33905

PAEN:

P40081_35235

PAEF:

R50345_28925

PAEQ:

R50912_31865

PAEA:

R70723_30730

PAEE:

R70331_29485

PBV:	AR543_22780

PXL:	BS614_00360

PSWU:

SY83_14330

PBAC:

HUB98_14540(crtI)

PTRI:

KDC22_30860(crtI)

PTJ:	JRJ22_27235(crtI)

PALR:

HGI30_22145(crtI)

PKA:	PQ456_20145(crtI)

PMAH:

PTQ21_02585(crtI)

COHN:

KCTCHS21_30290(crtI)

SACA:

FFV09_08630(crtI)

SIV:

SSIL_2899

SSIL:

SOLI23_04160

PLN:	Plano_2718

PKU:	AUO94_02175

PRT:	AUC31_12715

PLL:	I858_009360

PANA:

BBH88_05385

PDG:	BCM40_01745

PHC:	BBI08_10760

PMAR:

B0X71_04050

PPLA:

BBI15_09600

PFAE:

AJGP001_15445

PMAT:

BBI11_15130

PDEC:

H1Q58_14415(crtI)

PGQ:	FK545_04955(crtI)

JEO:

JMA_13790

KUR:	ASO14_1058(crtI)

PANC:

E2636_00230(crtI)

PLAY:

DNR44_006385(crtI)

AWI:	CHL1_000149(crtI)

EAC:	EAL2_c15570(carC)

RMAR:

GBA65_14020(crtI)

IPO:	Ilyop_0965

EMZ:	MB380_05185(crtI)

CRM:	K6119_08825(crtI)

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:8002598]

Authors

Wieland B, Feil C, Gloria-Maercker E, Thumm G, Lechner M, Bravo JM, Poralla K, Gotz F.

Title

Genetic and biochemical analyses of the biosynthesis of the yellow carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene of Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

J Bacteriol 176:7719-26 (1994)
DOI:10.1128/JB.176.24.7719-7726.1994

Sequence

[sae:NWMN_2461]

Reference

2 [PMID:10498735]

Authors

Raisig A, Sandmann G

Title

4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase: catalytic properties of an enzyme from the C(30) carotenoid pathway of Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

J Bacteriol 181:6184-7 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/JB.181.19.6184-6187.1999

Sequence

[sae:NWMN_2461]

Reference

3 [PMID:11566453]

Authors

Raisig A, Sandmann G

Title

Functional properties of diapophytoene and related desaturases of C(30) and C(40) carotenoid biosynthetic pathways.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1533:164-70 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S1388-1981(01)00154-8

Sequence

[sae:NWMN_2461]

Reference

4 [PMID:15933032]

Authors

Tao L, Schenzle A, Odom JM, Cheng Q

Title

Novel carotenoid oxidase involved in biosynthesis of 4,4'-diapolycopene dialdehyde.

Journal

Appl Environ Microbiol 71:3294-301 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.6.3294-3301.2005

Reference

5 [PMID:19618272]

Authors

Yoshida K, Ueda S, Maeda I

Title

Carotenoid production in Bacillus subtilis achieved by metabolic engineering.

Journal

Biotechnol Lett 31:1789-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10529-009-0082-6

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.3.8.2

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.3.8.2

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.3.8.2

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.3.8.2

DBGET integrated database retrieval system