KEGG ENZYME: 2.1.1.160

ENZYME: 2.1.1.160

Entry

EC 2.1.1.160                Enzyme

Name

caffeine synthase;
dimethylxanthine methyltransferase;
3N-methyltransferase;
DXMT;
CCS1;
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine 1-N-methyltransferase

Class

Transferases;
Transferring one-carbon groups;
Methyltransferases

Sysname

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine N1-methyltransferase

Reaction(IUBMB)

(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [RN:R07920];
(2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [RN:R07921];
(3) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-methylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine [RN:R07919]

Reaction(KEGG)

R07919 R07920 R07921

Substrate

S-adenosyl-L-methionine [CPD:C00019];
3,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:C07480];
1,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:C13747];
7-methylxanthine [CPD:C16353]

Product

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine [CPD:C00021];
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [CPD:C07481];
3,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:C07480]

Comment

Paraxanthine is the best substrate for this enzyme but the paraxanthine pathway is considered to be a minor pathway for caffeine biosynthesis [2,3].

History

EC 2.1.1.160 created 2007

Pathway

ec00232

Caffeine metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

ec01120

Microbial metabolism in diverse environments

Orthology

K12731

caffeine synthase

Genes

CIT:

102617008

PVY:

116107988

TCC:	108663908 18585922(BCS1) 18585928

DZI:	111309483 111309747

EGR:	104421108 104421109 104421110 104423345 104423346

Reference

1 [PMID:10364410]

Authors

Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H

Title

Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves.

Journal

Plant Physiol 120:579-86 (1999)
DOI:10.1104/pp.120.2.579

Sequence

[ag:BAB12278]

Reference

2 [PMID:12527364]

Authors

Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T

Title

Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.).

Journal

FEBS Lett 534:75-81 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03781-X

Sequence

[ag:BAC43760 BAC43761]

Reference

3 [PMID:12746542]

Authors

Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H

Title

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants.

Journal

Plant Physiol 132:372-80 (2003)
DOI:10.1104/pp.102.019679

Sequence

[ag:BAC75663]

Reference

4 [PMID:10984041]

Authors

Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H

Title

Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves.

Journal

Nature 406:956-7 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/35023072