KEGG ENZYME: 2.4.1.184

ENZYME: 2.4.1.184

Entry

EC 2.4.1.184                Enzyme

Name

galactolipid galactosyltransferase;
galactolipid-galactolipid galactosyltransferase;
galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase;
interlipid galactosyltransferase;
GGGT;
DGDG synthase (ambiguous);
digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (ambiguous);
3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:mono-3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol beta-D-galactosyltransferase;
3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol beta-D-galactosyltransferase;
SFR2 (gene name)

Class

Transferases;
Glycosyltransferases;
Hexosyltransferases

Sysname

1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol:1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol beta-D-galactosyltransferase

Reaction(IUBMB)

2 a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol = a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol [RN:R04472]

Reaction(KEGG)

R04472

Substrate

1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol [CPD:C03692]

Product

1,2-diacyl-3-O-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol [CPD:C20991];
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol [CPD:C00641]

Comment

The enzyme converts monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol, trigalactosyldiacylglycerol and tetragalactosyldiacylglycerol. All residues are connected by beta linkages. The activity is localized to chloroplast envelope membranes, but it does not contribute to net galactolipid synthesis in plants, which is performed by EC 2.4.1.46, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase, and EC 2.4.1.241, digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase. Note that the beta,beta-digalactosyldiacylglycerol formed by this enzyme is different from the more common alpha,beta-digalactosyldiacylglycerol formed by EC 2.4.1.241. The enzyme provides an important mechanism for the stabilization of the chloroplast membranes during freezing and drought stress.

History

EC 2.4.1.184 created 1990, modified 2005, modified 2015

Pathway

ec00561

Glycerolipid metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K21362

galactolipid galactosyltransferase

Genes

AJM:

119063436

ATH:	AT3G06510(SFR2)

ALY:

9318543

CRB:

17892877

CSAT:

104724426 104744820

EUS:	EUTSA_v10020302mg

BRP:	103849855 103870741

BNA:	106352869 106400574 106452997 125599306 125599755

BOE:	106295846 106328402

RSZ:	108812423 108863400 130496831 130507398

THJ:

104818872

CPAP:

110821265

CIT:

102631100

CIC:	CICLE_v10004507mg

PVY:

116110910

MINC:

123221674

TCC:

18603707

GRA:

105798901

GHI:	107888961 121206678

GAB:

108454305

HSYR:

120152580

DZI:	111279635 111306950

EGR:

104415260

GMX:	100792401 732645(SFR2)

GSJ:	114392317 114419936

PVU:	PHAVU_003G118100g

VRA:

106769336

VAR:

108323763

VUN:

114179350

VUM:

124835373

CCAJ:

109810998

APRC:

113845831

MTR:

25494128

TPRA:

123907236

CAM:

101492467

PSAT:

127138807

VVO:

131630687

LJA:	Lj4g3v2253540.1(Lj4g3v2253540.1)

ADU:

107489573

AIP:

107643663

AHF:	112750384 112801631

LANG:

109329992

PCIN:

129297112

QSA:	O6P43_021895

FVE:

101296755

RCN:

112196765

PPER:

18789016

PMUM:

103323223

PAVI:

110752217

PDUL:

117618183

MDM:

103403507

MSYL:

126607805

ZJU:

107433346

MNT:

21389414

CSAV:

115723407

CSV:	101219670 116405548

CMO:

103497772

BHJ:

120092431

MCHA:

111009529

CMAX:

111499232

CMOS:

111460218

CPEP:

111807244

RCU:

8261300

JCU:

105643582

HBR:

110672982

MESC:

110602155

POP:

7468118

PEU:

105115657

PALZ:

118045243

JRE:

108999232

CILL:

122317537

CAVE:

132168192

QSU:

112036037

QLO:

115994793

TWL:

120011725

VVI:

100241487

VRI:

117914809

SLY:	778260(sfr2)

SPEN:

107006431

SOT:

102593280

SSTN:

125843293

SDUL:

129887373

LBB:

132626754

NTA:	107760741 107812522

NSY:

104228899

NTO:

104112233

NAU:

109232052

INI:	109163326 109176068

ITR:

116001795

SIND:

105178861

OEU:

111371565

EGT:

105962808

SSPL:

121797461

SHIS:

125192028

APAN:

127241845

HAN:

118492260

ECAD:

122578733 122611100

LSV:

111914184

CCAV:

112502852

DCR:	108193729 108199675

CSIN:

114300025

RVL:

131315942

AEW:

130757499

BVG:

104888504

SOE:

110778251

CQI:	110706303 110706306

ATRI:

130825602

MOF:

131151717

NNU:

104611212

MING:

122091517

TSS:

122657918

PSOM:

113325958 113332495

OSA:

4351127

OBR:

102721407

OGL:

127754518

BDI:

100821141

ATS:

109741719

TDC:	119286047 119295748

TAES:

123086234 123096826 123172607 123172616 123177460

TUA:

125551803

LPER:

127294580

LRD:

124703129

SBI:

110435588

ZMA:	732778(sfr2)

SITA:

101769304

SVS:

117866445

PVIR:

120685613

PHAI:

112902812

PDA:

103715772

EGU:

105039984

MUS:

103994417

ZOF:	121993139 121997102

DCT:

110112370

PEQ:

110017810

AOF:

109831898

MSIN:

131224854

NCOL:

116262121

ATR:

18431431

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_110274 SELMODRAFT_135073 SELMODRAFT_183972 SELMODRAFT_935

PPP:	112279995 112290514

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_241132 EMIHUDRAFT_439489 EMIHUDRAFT_460392 EMIHUDRAFT_97353

» show all

Reference

Authors

Dorne, A.-J., Block, M.A., Joyard, J. and Douce, R.

Title

The galactolipid-galactolipid galactosyltransferase is located on the outer surface of the outer-membrane of the chloroplast envelope.

Journal

FEBS Lett 145:30-34 (1982)

Reference

Authors

Heemskerk, J.W.M., Wintermans, J.F.G.M., Joyard, J., Block, M.A., Dorne, A.-J. and Douce, R.

Title

Localization of galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase and acyltransferase in outer envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 877:281-289 (1986)

Reference

Authors

Heemskerk, J.W.M., Jacobs, F.H.H. and Wintermans, J.F.G.M.

Title

UDPgalactose-independent synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. An enzymatic activity of the spinach chloroplast envelope.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 961:38-47 (1988)

Reference

4 [PMID:14600212]

Authors

Kelly AA, Froehlich JE, Dormann P

Title

Disruption of the two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase genes DGD1 and DGD2 in Arabidopsis reveals the existence of an additional enzyme of galactolipid synthesis.

Journal

Plant Cell 15:2694-706 (2003)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.016675

Sequence

[ath:AT3G06510]

Reference

5 [PMID:15590685]

Authors

Benning C, Ohta H.

Title

Three enzyme systems for galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis are coordinately regulated in plants.

Journal

J Biol Chem 280:2397-400 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R400032200