KEGG   ENZYME: 3.1.1.82
Entry
EC 3.1.1.82                 Enzyme                                 
Name
pheophorbidase;
phedase;
PPD
Class
Hydrolases;
Acting on ester bonds;
Carboxylic-ester hydrolases
Sysname
pheophorbide-a hydrolase
Reaction(IUBMB)
pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2 (overall reaction) [RN:R08974];
(1a) pheophorbide a + H2O = C-132-carboxypyropheophorbide a + methanol [RN:R08975];
(1b) C-132-carboxypyropheophorbide a = pyropheophorbide a + CO2 (spontaneous) [RN:R08976]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
pheophorbide a [CPD:C18021];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
C-132-carboxypyropheophorbide a
Product
pyropheophorbide a [CPD:C18064];
methanol [CPD:C00132];
CO2 [CPD:C00011];
C-132-carboxypyropheophorbide a
Comment
This enzyme forms part of the chlorophyll degradation pathway, and is found in higher plants and in algae. In higher plants it participates in de-greening processes such as fruit ripening, leaf senescence, and flowering. The enzyme exists in two forms: type 1 is induced by senescence whereas type 2 is constitutively expressed [1,2]. The enzyme is highly specific for pheophorbide as substrate (with a preference for pheophorbide a over pheophorbide b) as other chlorophyll derivatives such as protochlorophyllide a, pheophytin a and c, chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyllide a cannot act as substrates [2]. Another enzyme, called pheophorbide demethoxycarbonylase (PDC), produces pyropheophorbide a from pheophorbide a without forming an intermediate although the precise reaction is not yet known [1].
History
EC 3.1.1.82 created 2007
Pathway
ec00860  Porphyrin metabolism
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K13544  pheophorbidase
Genes
ATHAT4G16690(MES16)
ALY9306210
CRB17879476
CSAT104718693 104731920
EUSEUTSA_v10026004mg
BRP103847701 103869295
BNA106400850 106434995 106437380 106440549 106444365 125577613
BOE106304188 106311503 106342417
RSZ108820615 108829904 130499176
THJ104804464
Reference
1  [PMID:16228561]
  Authors
Suzuki Y, Doi M, Shioi Y
  Title
Two enzymatic reaction pathways in the formation of pyropheophorbide a.
  Journal
Photosynth Res 74:225-33 (2002)
DOI:10.1023/A:1020919929608
  Sequence
Reference
2  [PMID:16384908]
  Authors
Suzuki Y, Amano T, Shioi Y
  Title
Characterization and cloning of the chlorophyll-degrading enzyme pheophorbidase from cotyledons of radish.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 140:716-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1104/pp.105.071290
  Sequence
Reference
3  [PMID:16669755]
  Authors
Hortensteiner S.
  Title
Chlorophyll degradation during senescence.
  Journal
Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:55-77 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105212
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 3.1.1.82
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 3.1.1.82
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 3.1.1.82
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 3.1.1.82

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