KEGG ENZYME: 4.1.1.101

ENZYME: 4.1.1.101

Entry

EC 4.1.1.101                Enzyme

Name

malolactic enzyme;
mleA (gene name);
mleS (gene name)

Class

Lyases;
Carbon-carbon lyases;
Carboxy-lyases

Sysname

(S)-malate carboxy-lyase

Reaction(IUBMB)

(S)-malate = (S)-lactate + CO2 [RN:R11074]

Reaction(KEGG)

R11074

Substrate

(S)-malate [CPD:C00149]

Product

(S)-lactate [CPD:C00186];
CO2 [CPD:C00011]

Comment

The enzyme is involved in the malolactic fermentation of wine, which results in a natural decrease in acidity and favorable changes in wine flavors. It has been purified from several lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides [1], Lactobacillus plantarum [2], and Oenococcus oeni [3,4]. The enzyme contains a tightly bound NAD+ cofactor and requires Mn2+.

History

EC 4.1.1.101 created 2015

Pathway

ec00620

Pyruvate metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01120

Microbial metabolism in diverse environments

Orthology

K22212

malolactic enzyme

Genes

KOA:	H3L93_07380

BSON:

S101395_00948

BGY:

BGLY_0768

STEA:

C0679_15325

SAR:

SAR0824

SUU:	M013TW_0759

SUE:

SAOV_0808

SUQ:	HMPREF0772_12411

SUD:	ST398NM01_0847

SUX:	SAEMRSA15_06950

SUG:

SAPIG0847

SUF:	SARLGA251_07020(mleA)

SAUA:

SAAG_01193

SAUE:

RSAU_000745

SAUS:

SA40_0708(mleA)

SAUU:

SA957_0723(mleA)

SAUG:

SA268_0721(mleA)

SAB:

SAB0723

SAUB:

C248_0858

SAUC:

CA347_788

SAMS:

NI36_03905

SUH:	SAMSHR1132_07140

SCAP:

AYP1020_2097(maeA)

SSH:	NCTC13712_00737(maeA)

STAS:

HYI43_10515

LMOE:

BN418_2299

LMOB:

BN419_2299

LMOQ:

LM6179_02684

LMS:

LMLG_2289

LMJ:	LMOG_01326

LWI:	UE46_06920

LGZ:	NCTC10812_00377(maeA_1) NCTC10812_00594(maeA_2)

GSA:	FOC50_03715(maeA)

LLA:	L121483(mleS)

LLK:	LLKF_0928(mleS)

LLT:	CVCAS_0863(mleS)

LLS:	lilo_0851(mleS)

LLD:	P620_04890

LLX:	NCDO2118_0920(mleS)

LLJ:	LG36_1425(mleS)

LLM:	llmg_1638(mleS)

LLR:	llh_8140 llh_8145

LLN:	LLNZ_08430

LLI:	uc509_0940(mleS)

LLW:

kw2_0875

LGR:

LCGT_1018

LGV:

LCGL_1022

LPK:	LACPI_0666(mleS)

LRN:	CMV25_01395

LACT:

D7I46_00835

LACK:

FLP15_06360

LTI:	JW886_07140

LCAR:

BHS00_07320

LPAA:

BHS01_08120

LPET:

lgb_01108(mleA)

LFO:	LMK00_05510

SMU:	SMU_137(mleS)

SMUT:

SMUGS5_00590

SMJ:	SMULJ23_0115(mleS)

SMUA:

SMUFR_0114(sfcA)

SSA:	SSA_0297(mleS)

SGO:

SGO_0372

SGA:	GALLO_2049(mleS)

SGG:	SGGBAA2069_c20070(mleS)

SGT:	SGGB_2032(mleS)

SOR:	SOR_0297(mleS)

STK:

STP_1531

STB:	SGPB_0676(mleS.1) SGPB_1856(mleS.2)

SCP:	HMPREF0833_10079

SSAH:

HSISS4_01291

SMN:	SMA_1946(mleS)

SIF:	Sinf_1751(mleS)

SIE:	SCIM_1365(mleS)

SIB:	SIR_0584(mleS)

SCG:	SCI_1645(mleS)

SCON:

SCRE_1601(mleS)

SCOS:

SCR2_1601(mleS)

SLU:

KE3_1857

SSOB:

DK181_03245

SPEI:

EHW89_05110

SRAT:

FY406_07155

STRG:

SRT_01380(sfcA)

SVB:	NCTC12167_01602(mleS)

SFER:

NCTC12278_00569(mleS)

SAUP:

NCTC3168_01064(mleS)

SURN:

NCTC13766_01817(mleS)

SVF:	NCTC3166_01684(mleS)

SRUM:

GPZ88_03405(maeA)

SACY:

O6R09_08480

LAC:

LBA1075

LAD:

LA14_1089

LAF:

SD55_1087

LAW:	LACWKB8_1669

LAE:

LBAT_0400

LJE:	BUE77_00990

LKL:	DKL58_08555

LAPI:

DKL56_01220

LHS:	DLD54_07965

LPAI:

GYM71_01915

LIQ:	KBW87_07980

LMUL:

PUW59_08905

LCA:

LSEI_0740

LCZ:	LCAZH_0682

LCS:	LCBD_0816(mae1)

LCE:

LC2W_0816

LCW:	BN194_08070(mleA)

LCL:	LOCK919_0843

LPQ:	AF91_02850

LPI:	LBPG_02805

LPAP:

LBPC_0667

LCB:	LCABL_08060(mleS)

LCX:	LCA12A_1765

LRH:	LGG_00726(sfcA)

LRG:

LRHM_0704

LRL:	LC705_00719(sfcA)

LRA:

LRHK_722

LRO:	LOCK900_0669

LRC:	LOCK908_0718

LCHI:

KG086_02955

LZE:	KG087_03455

LHN:	LHUE1_001806

LPL:	lp_1118(mleS)

LPJ:	JDM1_0922(mleS)

LPT:	zj316_1153(mleS)

LPS:	LPST_C0897(mleS)

LPR:	LBP_cg0885

LPZ:

Lp16_0898

LPB:	SH83_04640

LPX:	ASU28_00685

LPG:	BB562_11730

LARG:

LPA65_04520

LRE:

Lreu_1532

LRF:

LAR_1441

LRU:	HMPREF0538_20658

LRT:

LRI_0433

LRR:	N134_08445

LFF:

LBFF_1737

LMU:	LBLM1_05505

LOR:	AYI71_10860

LVA:	LV515_01475(maeA)

LFN:	LF145_01580

LPON:

LP475_07030(maeA)

LPAS:

KZE55_08170

LPOR:

PRK60_07860

LNG:	BSQ50_03310 BSQ50_05415

LHW:	BSQ49_00010 BSQ49_01295

LMAL:

LM596_00015 LM596_01515 LM596_12185

LSN:	LSA_02100(mleA)

LLE:	AYR59_01285

LFV:	LF543_06275(maeA)

FIX:	M8332_06210

FCLI:

M3M38_04950

FHIN:

M3M39_01920

FMT:	M3M35_04185

FCP:	M3M37_06880

LBH:

Lbuc_2270

LBN:	LBUCD034_2368(mleS)

LPAR:

FAM21731_01127

LCU:	PL11_004795

LKF:	DNL43_04480

LHIL:

G8J22_02692(mleS)

LLAO:

LHL71_05650

LBR:

LVIS_2203

LBK:	LVISKB_2276

LKO:	ABN16_05050

LZY:	LZ3411_1768

LSUA:

H3M12_05495

LNA:	RIN67_03990

LJI:	ELX58_03325

LSL:

LSL_1313

LSI:

HN6_01094

LSJ:

LSJ_1303c

LAGL:

BEN83_08515

LACA:

LAC1533_0047

LANI:

FAX13_07485

LMUR:

CPS94_00975

LSW:	GTO87_07040(maeA)

LFD:	QFX10_06835

LBT:	AYR52_00740

LCY:	LC20004_05215 LC20004_11665

LHO:	LOOC260_100930

LKU:	APS55_03150

ABOM:

D7I45_00670

AAPI:

MOO46_06125

AAPN:

AAPFHON13_13540

LPD:	AYR62_11485

LMAE:

FGL90_03855

PPE:

PEPE_1617

PPEN:

T256_07955

PCE:	PECL_1506(mleA)

PDM:	ADU72_0857

PACI:

A4V11_05510

PIO:	PI20285_00265

LROS:

LROSL1_0315

LGN:	ABM34_02255

LHI:	JP39_05195

LCT:	BI355_1185

LALW:

BTM29_10500

LALI:

LA20249_02175

LFM:	LF20184_07295

LZH:	D1B17_05485

LFT:	FG051_07015

CPAB:

G6534_04450

LSA:	LCA_0441(mleS)

LCV:	FBA2_02430

LGM:	LG542_07020

LBM:	DS830_05645

LHB:	D1010_15455(maeA)

LDX:	LH506_00370

OOE:

OEOE_1564

OEN:	DSM07_03755

OSI:	DLJ48_02150

LME:

LEUM_1005

LCI:	LCK_00751(mleS)

LKI:

LKI_10035

LEC:	LGMK_02380

LGS:	LEGAS_0941(mleS)

LGE:	C269_04640

LLF:	BCR17_00270

LGC:	A9176_06315

LSU:	A6B45_04785

LPSE:

FGL85_07985

WKO:

WKK_06580

WCB:	AO080_08520

WPA:	CO680_03965

WCF:	C6P13_05485

WHE:	EFA59_00785

WDI:	H9L19_02380

WVR:	IE337_04420

FRU:	M3M36_03550

LBE:	MOO44_04270

XAK:	KIMC2_18390

XAP:

XA3_01220

EFC:	EFAU004_02124(mleA)

EFAU:

EFAU085_02153(mleA)

EFU:	HMPREF0351_12120(sfcA)

EFM:

M7W_884

EFT:	M395_03495

EHR:

EHR_08090

ECAS:

ECBG_03055

EMU:	EMQU_2067(sfcA)

EDU:

LIU_11430

EGA:	AL523_04115

ETH:	CK496_04985

EGV:	EGCR1_12540 EGCR1_14850

EAV:	EH197_02060

ESG:	EsVE80_04850(sfcA)

ELAC:

I4Q40_03635

ECEC:

NCTC12421_02474(mleA)

ERAF:

J9537_00080 J9537_19975

EIE:	ENLAB_16610(mleS)

EMS:	P3T75_10470

VPI:	BW732_03600

GAD:	K8O88_03345 K8O88_08470

CAE:	SMB_G1614(malS) SMB_G1621(malS)

CAY:	CEA_G1604(malS) CEA_G1611

CSB:	CLSA_c28840(malS)

CBV:

U729_2458

CTYK:

CTK_C00760(malS)

CEU:	A7L45_00955

CFER:

D4Z93_07640

CRW:	CROST_010950(mleS_1)

EUU:	ADJ67_03540

LUA:	D4A81_00020

LGG:	QJR73_12965

STOM:

QU660_07485

MDV:	C5Q96_05385

MNL:	QU661_06560

VNK:	VEIT17_18230

VRG:	OKW85_09600

MMAX:

LCQ47_03895

SELT:

BCS37_00615

AFN:	Acfer_0014

AIN:	Acin_1469(sfcA)

SMOE:

RGT18_24590

APV:

Apar_1191

OLO:	ADJ70_00725

BDE:

BDP_1119

BDN:

BBDE_1071

BAST:

BAST_0549

BACT:

AB656_03155

PDO:

PSDT_0694

BNK:	KIM372_11660(sfcA)

TRM:	JO41_05735

TSK:	HRI97_05460

TRP:	ABH09_12210

FNC:	HMPREF0946_00683

FUS:	HMPREF0409_00925

FNE:	FSDG_00236

FPD:	CTM68_02315

FPEI:

C4N17_06815

FPOL:

ERS445057_00969(maeA)

LBA:

Lebu_1156

LEO:	AMK43_05115

LOT:	AXF11_01710

LHF:	JCM16775_1402

LSZ:	JCM16776_1109

LHG:	JMUB5056_1202

LTE:	JMUB4039_1264

LWD:	JCM16777_1208(mleS)

LGO:	JCM16774_0712

PMZ:	HMPREF0659_A5560

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:16345941]

Authors

Lonvaud-Funel A, de Saad AM

Title

Purification and Properties of a Malolactic Enzyme from a Strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Isolated from Grapes.

Journal

Appl Environ Microbiol 43:357-61 (1982)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.43.2.357-361.1982

Reference

2 [PMID:6833282]

Authors

Caspritz G, Radler F

Title

Malolactic enzyme of Lactobacillus plantarum. Purification, properties, and distribution among bacteria.

Journal

J Biol Chem 258:4907-10 (1983)

Reference

3 [PMID:2097345]

Authors

Naouri P, Chagnaud P, Arnaud A, Galzy P

Title

Purification and properties of a malolactic enzyme from Leuconostoc oenos ATCC 23278.

Journal

J Basic Microbiol 30:577-85 (1990)
DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620300813

Reference

4 [PMID:23196745]

Authors

Schumann C, Michlmayr H, Del Hierro AM, Kulbe KD, Jiranek V, Eder R, Nguyen TH

Title

Malolactic enzyme from Oenococcus oeni: heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and biochemical characterization.

Journal

Bioengineered 4:147-52 (2013)
DOI:10.4161/bioe.22988

Sequence

[ag:ACX50963]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

4.1.1.101

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

4.1.1.101

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

4.1.1.101

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

4.1.1.101

DBGET integrated database retrieval system