KEGG   ENZYME: 4.2.3.20
Entry
EC 4.2.3.20                 Enzyme                                 
Name
(R)-limonene synthase;
(+)-limonene synthase;
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [(+)-(R)-limonene-forming];
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (+)-(4R)-limonene-forming]
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-oxygen lyases;
Acting on phosphates
Sysname
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (R)-limonene-forming]
Reaction(IUBMB)
geranyl diphosphate = (R)-limonene + diphosphate [RN:R06120]
Reaction(KEGG)
R06120
Substrate
geranyl diphosphate [CPD:C00341]
Product
(R)-limonene [CPD:C06099];
diphosphate [CPD:C00013]
Comment
Forms the first step of carvone biosynthesis in caraway. The enzyme from Carum carvi (caraway) seeds requires a divalent metal ion (preferably Mn2+) for catalysis. This enzyme occurs in Citrus, Carum (caraway) and Anethum (dill); (-)-limonene, however, is made in the fir, Abies, and mint, Mentha, by EC 4.2.3.16, (4S)-limonene synthase.
History
EC 4.2.3.20 created 2003
Pathway
ec00902  Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K15096  (R)-limonene synthase
Genes
PVY116111384 116117133 116118367 116118374 116120605 116125800 116133856 116133858
MINC123205304 123218563 123219687
HSYR120138167
Reference
1  [PMID:9662532]
  Authors
Bouwmeester HJ, Gershenzon J, Konings MC, Croteau R.
  Title
Biosynthesis of the monoterpenes limonene and carvone in the fruit of caraway. I. Demonstration Of enzyme activities and their changes with development
  Journal
Plant Physiol 117:901-12 (1998)
DOI:10.1104/pp.117.3.901
Reference
2  [PMID:12084056]
  Authors
Lucker J, El Tamer MK, Schwab W, Verstappen FW, van der Plas LH, Bouwmeester HJ, Verhoeven HA
  Title
Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon). cDNA isolation and functional analysis of four monoterpene synthases.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 269:3160-71 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02985.x
  Sequence
Reference
3  [PMID:11305598]
  Authors
Maruyama T, Ito M, Kiuchi F, Honda G.
  Title
Molecular cloning, functional expression and characterization of d-limonene synthase from Schizonepeta tenuifolia.
  Journal
Biol Pharm Bull 24:373-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1248/bpb.24.373
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 4.2.3.20
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 4.2.3.20
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 4.2.3.20
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 4.2.3.20
CAS: 155807-65-1

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