KEGG ENZYME: 1.1.1.219

ENZYME: 1.1.1.219

Entry

EC 1.1.1.219                Enzyme

Name

dihydroflavonol 4-reductase;
dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase;
dihydromyricetin reductase;
NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase;
dihydroquercetin reductase;
DFR (gene name);
cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase;
dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (incorrect)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor

Sysname

(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP+ = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R11500]

Reaction(KEGG)

R11500 > R03123 R03636 R05038 R07998 R07999

Substrate

(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin [CPD:C21418];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]

Product

(2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol [CPD:C21417];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]

Comment

This plant enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, is known to act on (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-dihydromyricetin, although some enzymes may act only on a subset of these compounds. Each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol. NAD+ can act instead of NADP+, but more slowly.

History

EC 1.1.1.219 created 1989, modified 2016

Pathway

ec00941

Flavonoid biosynthesis

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K00091

dihydroflavonol-4-reductase

K13082

bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase

Genes

ATH:	AT5G42800(DFR)

ALY:	9299065 9301555

CRB:

17877190

CSAT:

104725195 104760679 104771418

EUS:	EUTSA_v10003227mg

BRP:

103839279

BNA:	106403158 106447075

BOE:

106315758

RSZ:

108826061

THJ:

104801920

CPAP:

110820638

CIT:

102578060

CIC:	CICLE_v10001757mg

PVY:

116119408

MINC:

123228680

TCC:	18591418 18610896

GRA:	105769058 105772697

GHI:	107905441 107935085 107938889 107957957

GAB:	108454128 108480324

HSYR:

120114676 120167561 120169034 120216676

DZI:	111312736 111315336 111315339

EGR:

104448776

GMX:	100778253 548087(DFR1) 732626(DFR2)

GSJ:	114384244 114391094 114392892

PVU:	PHAVU_001G012700g PHAVU_001G012800g PHAVU_007G246200g

VRA:	106763833 106764122 106770756 106770772 106771250

VAR:	108324448 108324922 108336257 108336367

VUN:	114191920 114193233 114193234 114193708

VUM:	124830594 124830645 124830655

CCAJ:

109811985 109811998

APRC:

113845972 113846034

MTR:	25482168 25482169

TPRA:

123886567 123886574

CAM:	101491984 101492767

PSAT:

127093431 127093432

VVO:	131596616 131596617 131596618

LJA:	Lj5g3v0108490.1(Lj5g3v0108490.1) Lj5g3v0108500.1(Lj5g3v0108500.1) Lj5g3v0108500.2(Lj5g3v0108500.2) Lj5g3v0108500.3(Lj5g3v0108500.3)

ADU:

107495990

AHF:	112697991 112697992 112756300 112756301

LANG:

109343177

PCIN:

129303088 129303142 129306003 129306209

QSA:	O6P43_016195

RCN:

112173668

PPER:

18788884

PMUM:

103320869

PAVI:

110771557

PDUL:

117615194

MDM:	103440468 103450464

MSYL:

126604732 126631239

PXB:	103928717 103954960

ZJU:	107420289 107420293

MNT:	21384592 21404779

CSAV:

115710150

RCU:

8288959

JCU:	105633822 105633823 105633824 110008657

HBR:	110638079 110638080 110638081 110655218 110655234

MESC:

110605890 110615791 110615792

POP:	7454367 7471942

PEU:	105113121 105128763

PALZ:

118052800 118062127

JRE:

108991381

CILL:

122316519 122316520

CAVE:

132190022 132190424

QSU:	111984642 111984643

QLO:	115974365 115974366

TWL:	119995119 120008961 120012083

VVI:	100233141(DFR) 100259090 100267635

VRI:	117905400 117906273 117906599

SLY:

544150

SPEN:

107010988

SOT:	102577487 102587107(DFR)

SSTN:

125846336

SDUL:

129873385

CANN:

107860031

LBB:

132625196

NTA:	107797232(Dfr2) 107803097(Dfr1)

NSY:

104212411

NTO:

104112288

NAU:	109208181 109232046

INI:	109177611(DFR-A) 109177619(DFR-B) 109177620(DFR-C)

ITR:	115997971 115999112 115999903

SIND:

105165774

OEU:

111409594

EGT:

105965285

SSPL:

121768372 121769161

SMIL:

131004645

SHIS:

125214503 125214539

APAN:

127265823

ECAD:

122602690

LSV:

111897350

CCAV:

112508614

DCR:	108216819 108220625 108222116 108222765 108222766 108224331 108224780

CSIN:

114263316 114299086 114299087 114306385

RVL:	131297914 131328276

AEW:	130758800 130783480 130784840

BVG:

104889670

SOE:

110794664

CQI:	110702165 110702205 110724547 110738821

ATRI:

130809783

MOF:	131163051 131163053

NNU:	104589331 104589332 104590621 104601829

MING:

122070773 122070775 122075392 122076687 122086119 122086459 122094122

TSS:	122660095 122661531 122662474 122666599 122666608

PSOM:

113333459 113345760

DOSA:

Os01t0633500-00(Os01g0633500)

OBR:

102721875

OGL:

127771414

BDI:

100845692

ATS:

109757643

TDC:	119268458 119276348

TAES:

100125685 123070190 123078633

TUA:

125544210

LPER:

127343060

LRD:	124666655 124666721

SBI:	8058202 8058203 8075972 8076097

ZMA:	100272982 100286107

SITA:

101769770

SVS:

117854796

PVIR:

120676859 120707535

PHAI:

112892049

PDA:

103712715

EGU:	105033295 105048473

MUS:	103979760 103981125 103982813

ZOF:	121971619 122009647

DCT:

110101655

PEQ:

110038738

AOF:

109843175

MSIN:

131235256

NCOL:

116247360 116268364

ATR:	18422615 18422618 18422620

FAU:	Fraau_3210

DJA:	HY57_12660

DYE:	EO087_12880

DCS:	ISN74_17635

DTL:	H8F01_19315

DTA:	DYST_00505

AVN:	Avin_20730

AVL:	AvCA_20730

AVD:	AvCA6_20730

TTU:	TERTU_3244

MPAD:

KEF85_05875

MESL:

KKZ03_12775

NOC:

Noc_0999

NHL:

Nhal_2984

NWA:

Nwat_2036

NWR:	E3U44_12890

NTT:

TAO_1098

NTG:	NSCAC_0727(dfrA)

AFY:	BW247_04710

HAHH:

O5O45_03295

ACII:

C4901_05380

ATY:	A9R16_011110

SALN:

SALB1_2152

RPJ:	N234_32360

REH:	H16_B2168(h16_B2168)

CNC:	CNE_2c21530(dfrA)

CUH:	BJN34_33320

REU:	Reut_B4897

RME:

Rmet_4170

CTI:	RALTA_B1951

CBW:	RR42_s2390

CCUP:

BKK81_26470

CUP:	BKK80_29845

CUU:	BKK79_20495

CPAU:

EHF44_19165

COX:	E0W60_04435

CCAM:

M5D45_21450

CCAX:

KZ686_17040

CUK:	KB879_16150

CNAN:

A2G96_29030

BMA:

BMAA1958

BMV:	BMASAVP1_0976

BML:	BMA10229_1262

BMN:	BMA10247_A2237

BMAL:

DM55_3834

BMAE:

DM78_4753

BMAQ:

DM76_4531

BMAI:

DM57_06275

BMAF:

DM51_3641

BMAZ:

BM44_3794

BMAB:

BM45_4568

BPS:

BPSS2165

BPM:	BURPS1710b_A1280(hpnA)

BPL:	BURPS1106A_A2924

BPD:	BURPS668_A3049

BPSE:

BDL_5633

BPSM:

BBQ_3946

BPSU:

BBN_5652

BPSD:

BBX_4800

BPZ:	BP1026B_II2330

BPQ:	BPC006_II2878

BPK:

BBK_4938

BPSH:

DR55_5571

BPSA:

BBU_3830

BPSO:

X996_5343

BUT:

X994_4891

BTE:	BTH_II2241

BTQ:

BTQ_5529

BTJ:

BTJ_4185

BTZ:

BTL_4995

BTD:

BTI_4584

BTV:

BTHA_5227

BTHE:

BTN_4653

BTHM:

BTRA_4920

BTHA:

DR62_4760

BTHL:

BG87_4985

BOK:

DM82_4152

BOC:

BG90_3874

BUU:	WS70_18155

BSAV:

WS86_19535

BHG:	I6G56_30185

BUD:	AQ610_20385

BVI:	Bcep1808_3713

BUR:	Bcep18194_B0109

BCM:	Bcenmc03_4723

BCH:	Bcen2424_5549

BCJ:

BCAM2735

BCEN:

DM39_5146

BCEW:

DM40_3320

BCEO:

I35_6621

BAM:

Bamb_4873

BAC:	BamMC406_5420

BMJ:	BMULJ_05269

BMU:

Bmul_3257

BMK:

DM80_4636

BMUL:

NP80_3298

BCT:

GEM_5671

BCED:

DM42_5249

BCEP:

APZ15_24195

BDL:

AK34_3168

BPYR:

ABD05_22035

BCON:

NL30_17550

BUB:

BW23_3932

BDF:	WI26_26250

BLAT:

WK25_29185

BTEI:

WS51_10355

BSEM:

WJ12_33580

BPSL:

WS57_00730

BMEC:

WJ16_32030

BSTG:

WT74_32410

BSTL:

BBJ41_27520

BANN:

JFN94_17795

BARI:

NLX30_23475

BAEN:

L3V59_28690

BGL:	bglu_2g22140

BGU:

KS03_3703

BUG:	BC1001_4750

BGF:	BC1003_4514

BGD:	bgla_2g29050

BGO:

BM43_6644

BYI:	BYI23_B013890

BUK:

MYA_3346

BUE:	BRPE67_BCDS00850

BUL:

BW21_4106

BUQ:	AC233_26295

BGP:	BGL_2c28800(hpnA)

BPLA:

bpln_2g28820

BUM:	AXG89_19135

BUI:	AX768_28910

BURK:

DM992_25330

BXE:

Bxe_B0022

BXB:

DR64_5386

BPH:

Bphy_4126

BGE:	BC1002_5072

BPX:	BUPH_01315

BPY:	Bphyt_7040

BUZ:	AYM40_35425

BFN:

OI25_5490

BCAI:

K788_0000698

PSPW:

BJG93_21610

PARA:

BTO02_22325

PARB:

CJU94_28485

PHS:	C2L64_18430

PTER:

C2L65_16265

PGP:	CUJ91_29940

PCJ:	CUJ87_28125

PTS:	CUJ90_23595

PCAF:

DSC91_003043

PMEG:

FNZ07_04800

PTRO:

G5S35_20695

PGIS:

I6I06_27975

PACP:

FAZ97_23660

PACS:

FAZ98_19060

PEW:	KZJ38_23970

PDIO:

PDMSB3_3354.1(dfrA)

PBRY:

NDK50_21425

PSAA:

QEN71_16375

PKF:	RW095_15035

PBON:

QS306_13870

PPAI:

E1956_25020

BRH:	RBRH_03438

PPK:	U875_17005

PPNO:

DA70_09075

PPNM:

LV28_21730

PRB:	X636_17415

PPUL:

RO07_16120

PSPU:

NA29_21030

PAPI:

SG18_00180

PVE:	UC34_07375

POX:	MB84_11715

PTX:	ABW99_02805

PFG:	AB870_18070

PNR:	AT302_26685

PAND:

DRB87_06640

PFIB:

PI93_020465

PCOM:

NTU39_08390

CABA:

SBC2_70250(auaH_2)

BUO:	BRPE64_BCDS00980

CABK:

NK8_42050

TVL:	FAZ95_23860

TCAR:

U0034_25540

MANC:

IV454_19055

MFY:	HH212_18900

MLIR:

LPB04_14525

TMJ:	P0M04_22895

BBAG:

E1O_05350

NIT:	NAL212_2369

NII:	Nit79A3_1555

NCO:	AAW31_03945

NUR:	ATY38_00430

NMU:	Nmul_A2281

NLC:	EBAPG3_014585

NIZ:	NNRS527_02446

NPV:	OHM77_10555

STAR:

G3545_15505

MEA:	Mex_1p1814

MDI:

METDI2701

MEX:

Mext_1940

MCH:

Mchl_2216

MPO:

Mpop_1831

MZA:	B2G69_17160

MRD:	Mrad2831_5422

MET:

M446_6351

MNO:

Mnod_7142

MOR:

MOC_5997

META:

Y590_09020

MAQU:

Maq22A_c25235(wcaG)

MPHY:

MCBMB27_04723

MEE:	DA075_06165

METD:

C0214_10775

METX:

A3862_03565

METS:

DK389_19275

METI:

DK427_24615

MMES:

MMSR116_24445

MTEA:

DK419_25000

MIND:

mvi_55650

MOG:	MMB17_13730

MTAD:

M6G65_20545

BID:

Bind_3152

MSL:

Msil_3239

MTUN:

MTUNDRAET4_2109(dfrA)

MLG:	CWB41_01825

MEDK:

QEV83_07985

HDN:

Hden_0472

HDT:	HYPDE_24863

HMC:	HYPMC_3776

RHZ:	RHPLAN_37710

MBRY:

B1812_14330

MROS:

EHO51_12825

MHEY:

H2LOC_010895

MPAR:

F7D14_03200

MIWA:

SS37A_06770

MTW:	CQW49_00140

MECQ:

MSC49_25850

LIZ:	LGH83_10455

CAUL:

KCG34_23170

ZMO:

ZMO0867

ZMN:

Za10_0425

ZMM:

Zmob_0430

ZMB:

ZZ6_0428

ZMI:

ZCP4_0444

ZMC:	A265_00439

ZMR:	A254_00439

ZMP:	Zymop_0398

NOR:	FA702_05060

NHUM:

PQ457_14495

SPHM:

G432_09205

SPAN:

AWL63_21295

SPHA:

D3Y57_13870

SARI:

H5J25_10665

SMOR:

LHA26_09995

SNOS:

K8P63_14035

SABI:

PBT88_02320

POQ:	KZX46_17600

PMEA:

KTC28_15790

GOX:

GOX2253

GOH:

B932_2749

GOY:	GLS_c23960

GAL:	A0U94_06135

GTI:	FXF46_13790

GSP:	IGS75_12730

GFA:	MKW11_14220

GBE:	GbCGDNIH1_1978

GBH:	GbCGDNIH2_1978

GBC:	GbCGDNIH3_1978

GBS:	GbCGDNIH4_1978

ACR:

Acry_0121

AMV:	ACMV_01460

GDI:	GDI1625(dfrA)

GDJ:

Gdia_1830

GXY:

GLX_17380

GXL:

H845_3224

KNA:	B0W47_08895

KEU:	S101446_02254

KSC:	CD178_01164

KRE:	GWK63_14340

KOI:	LV478_05330

APT:	APA01_02000

APW:	APA42C_02000

APF:	APA03_02000

APU:	APA07_02000

APG:	APA12_02000

APQ:	APA22_02000

APX:	APA26_02000

APZ:	APA32_02000

APK:	APA386B_1688(dfrA)

ASZ:	ASN_2213(dfrA)

ASV:	WG31_01040

AACE:

A0U92_11700

APER:

A0U91_06950

APOM:

CPF11_06300

ATO:	CIW82_01565

AASC:

A4S02_11540

ACET:

DS739_01140

AOT:	AcetOri_orf02392

AOY:	EOV40_001065

ACEK:

FLP30_07025

ABG:	Asbog_02601(hpnA)

KBA:	A0U89_01790

RGI:	RGI145_09705

ROS:	CTJ15_07715

RMUC:

FOB66_09740

RMT:	IAI58_18570

NCH:	A0U93_07570

COQ:	D9V35_08245

COMM:

GN303_08045

NTN:	D5366_10570

NEH:	E3E11_07640

SSAM:

E3D00_09640

SWF:	E3E12_06905

BOB:	GN304_03795

BOMB:

GT348_03320

EBLA:

JGUZn3_04130(auaH)

LCK:	HN018_00165

KHA:	IFJ82_01360

PARZ:

DTQ13_08050

SRF:	LHU95_12760

RAP:	RHOA_2344(dfrA)

KDP:	N5W20_09450

NGU:	QN315_11460

NAO:	Y958_22695

RRU:

Rru_A0058

RRF:

F11_00295

RPM:	RSPPHO_02410

MAGX:

XM1_1987

MAGN:

WV31_17670

MAG:

amb1364

HTQ:	FRZ44_32440

HADH:

FRZ61_15090

MAGQ:

MGMAQ_1498

AFR:

AFE_2122

AFE:	Lferr_1781

ACU:

Atc_2238

ACZ:	Acaty_c2078

AFI:	Acife_1272

AFJ:	AFERRID_02560

ATX:	GCD22_00870(dfrA)

AFP:	K1Y48_00770

ACIY:

MQE22_03715

GSU:	GSU0687(hpnA)

GSK:	KN400_0661(hpnA)

GME:	Gmet_2821(hpnA)

GPI:	GPICK_04080

GBZ:	JZM60_01930

GEM:

GM21_0884

GEB:

GM18_3440

GEF:	FO488_12195

GUR:

Gura_1019

GEO:	Geob_3663(hpnA)

GLO:

Glov_2234

TAMM:

GEAMG1_0844(dfrA)

GBM:	Gbem_3361(hpnA)

GBN:	GEOBRER4_08480(hpnA)

GER:	KP004_03720

GSUB:

KP001_11690

GNT:	KP003_03540

GPL:	M1B72_17020

PPD:

Ppro_1190

DSA:	Desal_2362

DHY:	DESAM_23203(dfrA)

DEK:	DSLASN_17110(hpnA)

DAO:	Desac_0411

SFU:

Sfum_0864

AFW:	Anae109_4084

AORY:

AMOR_12140(hpnA_2)

APAU:

AMPC_20810(hpnA_2) AMPC_36120

AVM:	JQX13_31295

PAUU:

E8A73_007830 E8A73_025805 E8A73_027450

NANN:

O0S08_21345

BBAE:

FRD01_17460

AAC:

Aaci_2444

AAD:

TC41_2734

AACO:

K1I37_18760

AFAS:

NZD89_04665

PABS:

JIR001_12400

MSTO:

MSTO_53950

MSEO:

MSEO_00710

MHER:

K3U94_02810

MVM:	MJO54_02810

RANT:

RHODO2019_14480

SYUN:

MOV08_09930

TED:	U5C87_03390

NPS:	KRR39_14815

PBRO:

HOP40_04965

PPEL:

H6H00_05415

ACTY:

OG774_20810

BALA:

DSM104299_04725(auaH_2)

PARN:

NBH00_05775 NBH00_16585

SBAE:

DSM104329_03993(auaH_3) DSM104329_04524(auaH_4)

PBAJ:

LRS13_23190

SYN:	slr1706(dfrA)

SYZ:	MYO_16700(dfrA)

SYY:	SYNGTS_0664(dfrA)

SYT:	SYNGTI_0664(dfrA)

SYS:	SYNPCCN_0663(dfrA)

SYQ:	SYNPCCP_0663(dfrA)

SYJ:	D082_01900(dfrA)

SYO:	C7I86_03435

SYNE:

Syn6312_3377

SYNP:

Syn7502_02008

WNA:	KA717_37735

CYN:	Cyan7425_5153

TVN:	NIES2134_111790

SLW:	BRW62_04305

AMR:

AM1_1585

ACAM:

HRE53_06000

TEL:

tlr1370

THN:	NK55_02315

THEC:

FFX45_09215

LEN:	LEP3755_03810

LBO:	LBWT_48430

KOV:	K9N68_25125

LSC:	KIK02_09830

LSK:	J5X98_15045

GEN:	GM3709_904

CAN:	Cyan10605_1274

MPK:

VL20_1331

MIQ:	B5D77_05605

CYU:	UCYN_10050

CYT:	cce_2231(dfrA)

CWA:	CwatDRAFT_4086

CYP:	PCC8801_2029

CYH:	Cyan8802_2055

CYC:	PCC7424_3275

CYJ:	Cyan7822_0051

TER:

Tery_3280

PAGH:

NIES204_17840

PPSU:

NO713_03029(dfrA)

PRUN:

PCC7821_02152(dfrA)

MPRO:

BJP34_13610

PHOR:

JWS08_19530

PYH:	NEA10_14875

MIC:	Mic7113_6078

GVI:

glr1747

GLJ:

GKIL_2057

GML:	ISF26_19080

ANA:

alr4268

NPU:	Npun_F5286

NOS:	Nos7107_3777

NOP:	Nos7524_0567

NON:	NOS3756_09000

NFL:	COO91_01517

NOE:	CLI64_08015

NSH:

GXM_03722

NPZ:	ACX27_29280

AVA:

Ava_1218

ANB:	ANA_C20332(hpnA)

ACY:	Anacy_0168

AWA:	AA650_03395

ANN:	EH233_20040

CSG:	Cylst_2363

RSIN:

B6N60_02734

HBQ:	QI031_14345

CALO:

Cal7507_4142

CALT:

Cal6303_5149

CALN:

NIES2098_01200

FIS:	FIS3754_04770

DOU:	BMF77_02898

DFS:	HGD76_21760

DHT:	NG743_10225

CCUR:

IAR63_06210

CRK:	L3I90_15240

AFLO:

HEQ12_15720

STOQ:

K2F26_22090

RCS:	NIES932_05670

TOQ:	HCG51_00675

ALAX:

NIES50_56680

NCN:	BZZ01_05200

PLP:	Ple7327_0595

SCS:	Sta7437_2744

STAN:

STA3757_25960

GLT:	GlitD10_2294

GCY:	LQF76_03500

CEO:	ETSB_0279(dfrA)

CER:	RGRSB_0234(dfrA)

CEEC:

P3F56_01240

THUG:

KNN16_02930 KNN16_11905

PMET:

G4Y79_02345

CCZ:	CCALI_00062

VAB:

WPS_25170

PUO:	RZN69_19360

FPES:

NXS98_09615

UAM:	UABAM_02401

LKB:	LPTSP3_g03350(hpnA)

ABA:	Acid345_1741

ACA:

ACP_0818

ACM:	AciX9_1595

GMA:	AciX8_1349

GRW:	FTO74_09355

GRB:	GOB94_00730

TSA:	AciPR4_1988

TRS:	Terro_1973 Terro_2339

TALB:

FTW19_15270

ABAS:

ACPOL_1268

EDA:	GWR55_04265

EDG:	H7846_10370

ADIN:

H7849_03115

ORP:	MOP44_14980

SUS:

Acid_1261

PFER:

IRI77_14390

CTM:	Cabther_B0616

CVL:	J8C06_12430

CHLO:

J8C02_11690

MCOS:

GM418_08950

THEO:

IMW88_02590

MSAB:

SNE25_02680

SENF:

GJR95_19365

HCU:	MUN79_14320

HVL:	MUN86_24675

HCF:	MUN80_13345

RSR:	T7867_04405

MANG:

RBH95_14900

CHRA:

F7R58_03970

CBAU:

H1R16_11165

NDE:

NIDE0700

NMV:	NITMOv2_0575(dfrA)

NIO:	NITINOP_0338(dfrA)

NJA:	NSJP_1681(dfrA)

NKF:	Nkreftii_003436

NIF:	W02_29230(dfrA)

NTI:	DNFV4_00236 DNFV4_00976

NALL:

PP769_01875 PP769_05055

NNEO:

PQG83_13060 PQG83_16240

LFC:

LFE_1759

LFI:	LFML04_0860

LFP:	Y981_03790

LEG:	ABH19_09310

NLI:	G3M70_03330

NWT:	NSPWAT_0403(dfrA)

NVA:	G3M78_06345

BANA:

BARAN1_1139(dfrA)

BIH:	BIP78_1399

MOX:	DAMO_0002(dfrA)

LOB:	NEF87_003283

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:24241054]

Authors

Heller W, Forkmann G, Britsch L, Grisebach H

Title

Enzymatic reduction of (+)-dihydroflavonols to flavan-3,4-cis-diols with flower extracts from Matthiola incana and its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Journal

Planta 165:284-7 (1985)
DOI:10.1007/BF00395052

Reference

2 [PMID:16664326]

Authors

Stafford HA, Lester HH.

Title

Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis : The Conversion of (+)-Dihydromyricetin to Its Flavan-3,4-Diol (Leucodelphinidin) and to (+)-Gallocatechin by Reductases Extracted from Tissue Cultures of Ginkgo biloba and Pseudotsuga menziesii.

Journal

Plant Physiol 78:791-794 (1985)
DOI:10.1104/pp.78.4.791

Reference

3 [PMID:3293532]

Authors

Fischer D, Stich K, Britsch L, Grisebach H

Title

Purification and characterization of (+)dihydroflavonol (3-hydroxyflavanone) 4-reductase from flowers of Dahlia variabilis.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 264:40-7 (1988)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90567-X

Reference

4 [PMID:21701830]

Authors

Li H, Qiu J, Chen F, Lv X, Fu C, Zhao D, Hua X, Zhao Q

Title

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in Saussurea medusa.

Journal

Mol Biol Rep 39:2991-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-011-1061-2

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.1.1.219

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.1.1.219

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.1.1.219

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.1.1.219

CAS:	83682-99-9

DBGET integrated database retrieval system