KEGG ENZYME: 1.13.11.63

ENZYME: 1.13.11.63

Entry

EC 1.13.11.63               Enzyme

Name

beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase;
blh (gene name);
BCO1 (gene name);
BCDO (gene name);
carotene dioxygenase;
carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase;
BCMO1 (misleading);
beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (incorrect)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases);
With incorporation of two atoms of oxygen

Sysname

beta-carotene:oxygen 15,15'-dioxygenase (bond-cleaving)

Reaction(IUBMB)

beta-carotene + O2 = 2 all-trans-retinal [RN:R00032]

Reaction(KEGG)

R00032

Substrate

beta-carotene [CPD:C02094];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

all-trans-retinal [CPD:C00376]

Comment

Requires Fe2+. The enzyme cleaves beta-carotene symmetrically, producing two molecules of all-trans-retinal. Both atoms of the oxygen molecule are incorporated into the products [8]. The enzyme can also process beta-cryptoxanthin, 8'-apo-beta-carotenal, 4'-apo-beta-carotenal, alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene in decreasing order. The presence of at least one unsubstituted beta-ionone ring in a substrate greater than C(30) is mandatory [5]. A prokaryotic enzyme has been reported from the uncultured marine bacterium 66A03, where it is involved in the proteorhodopsin system, which uses retinal as its chromophore [6,7].

History

EC 1.13.11.63 created 2012 (EC 1.14.99.36 created 1972 as EC 1.13.11.21, transferred 2001 to EC 1.14.99.36, incorporated 2015), modified 2016

Pathway

ec00830

Retinol metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K00515

beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase

K21817

beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase

Genes

HSA:	53630(BCO1)

PTR:	468043(BCO1)

PPS:	100987572(BCO1)

GGO:	101132534(BCO1)

PON:	100454129(BCO1)

NLE:	100603806(BCO1)

HMH:	116470315(BCO1)

MCC:	721412(BCO1)

MCF:	102121880(BCO1)

MTHB:

126943967

MNI:	105491208(BCO1)

CSAB:

103233367(BCO1)

CATY:

105598677(BCO1)

PANU:

101002112(BCO1)

TGE:	112614365(BCO1)

MLEU:

105546790(BCO1)

RRO:	104671629(BCO1)

RBB:	108539495(BCO1)

TFN:	117088107(BCO1)

PTEH:

111552571(BCO1)

CANG:

105511938(BCO1)

CJC:	100393264(BCO1)

SBQ:	101032680(BCO1)

CIMI:

108313451(BCO1)

CSYR:

103267375(BCO1)

MMUR:

105861200(BCO1)

LCAT:

123625067(BCO1)

PCOQ:

105813468(BCO1)

OGA:	100950108(BCO1)

MMU:	63857(Bco1)

MCAL:

110299974(Bco1)

MPAH:

110337549(Bco1)

RNO:	114106(Bco1)

MCOC:

116068084(Bco1)

ANU:	117723255(Bco1)

MUN:	110549590(Bco1)

CGE:	100760350(Bco1)

MAUA:

101840370(Bco1)

PROB:

127234664(Bco1)

PLEU:

114697444(Bco1)

MORG:

121447173(Bco1)

MFOT:

126502803

AAMP:

119801968(Bco1)

NGI:	103732128(Bco1)

HGL:	101724039(Bco1)

CPOC:

100729027(Bco1)

CCAN:

109696646(Bco1)

DORD:

105983036(Bco1)

DSP:	122126224(Bco1)

PLOP:

125358144(Bco1)

NCAR:

124967580

MMMA:

107150873(Bco1)

OCU:

100358087

OPI:	101525901(BCO1)

TUP:	102484616(BCO1)

GVR:	103591523(BCMO1)

CFA:	489695(BCO1)

CLUD:

112646713(BCO1)

VVP:	112911898(BCO1)

VLG:	121499453(BCO1)

NPO:	129496632(BCO1)

AML:	100483748(BCO1)

UMR:	103662084(BCO1)

UAH:	113252529(BCO1)

UAR:	123791342(BCO1)

ELK:

111152742

LLV:

125088686

MPUF:

101673476(BCO1)

MNP:	132006026(BCO1)

MLK:	131817484(BCO1)

NVS:	122911205(BCO1)

ORO:	101377344(BCO1)

EJU:	114199568(BCO1)

ZCA:	113935462(BCO1)

MLX:	118023539(BCO1)

NSU:	110594207(BCO1)

FCA:	101101606(BCO1)

PYU:	121009842(BCO1)

PCOO:

112857565(BCO1)

PBG:	122494509(BCO1)

LRUF:

124511918

PTG:	102959940(BCO1)

PPAD:

109245649(BCO1)

PUC:

125916591

AJU:

106984030

HHV:	120228696(BCO1)

BTA:	534696(BCO1)

BOM:	102266127(BCO1)

BIU:	109572100(BCO1)

BBUB:

102398086(BCO1)

BBIS:

104996513(BCO1)

CHX:	102179507(BCO1)

OAS:	101121875(BCO1)

BTAX:

128063772(BCO1)

ODA:	120872886(BCO1)

CCAD:

122420994(BCO1)

MBEZ:

129546272(BCO1)

SSC:	100192320(BCO1)

CFR:	102513983(BCO1)

CBAI:

105078898(BCO1)

CDK:	105089436(BCO1)

VPC:	102540155(BCO1)

BACU:

103015035(BCO1)

LVE:	103072015(BCMO1)

OOR:	101285979(BCO1)

DLE:	111179470(BCO1)

PSIU:

116744768(BCO1)

NASI:

112393471(BCO1)

ECB:	100069873(BCO1)

EPZ:	103554670(BCO1)

EAI:	106833126(BCO1)

MYB:	102263079(BCO1)

MYD:	102771959(BCO1)

MMYO:

118671234 118674813(BCO1)

MLF:	102421551(BCO1)

PKL:	118721002(BCO1)

EFUS:

103284732(BCO1)

MNA:	107525354(BCO1)

DRO:	112300657(BCO1)

SHON:

118981179(BCO1)

AJM:	119047106(BCO1)

PDIC:

114488398(BCO1)

PHAS:

123805926(BCO1)

MMF:	118639288(BCO1)

PPAM:

129075165(BCO1)

HAI:	109378342(BCO1)

RFQ:	117035481(BCO1)

PALE:

102897588(BCO1)

PGIG:

120622974(BCO1)

PVP:	105289864(BCO1)

RAY:	107521326(BCO1)

MJV:	108396466(BCO1)

TOD:	119249114(BCO1)

SARA:

101554888(BCO1)

TMU:

101341485

ETF:	101645209(BCO1)

DNM:	101437188(BCO1)

MDO:	100031779(BCO1)

GAS:	123233493(BCO1)

SHR:	100920512(BCO1)

AFZ:

127548668

PCW:	110212705(BCO1)

OAA:	103171493(BCO1)

GGA:	395346(BCO1)

PCOC:

116243585(BCO1)

MGP:	100549225(BCO1)

CJO:	107319380(BCO1)

TPAI:

128082757(BCO1)

LMUT:

125699043(BCO1)

NMEL:

110404561(BCO1)

APLA:

101798614(BCO1)

ACYG:

106033290(BCO1)

CATA:

118246268(BCO1)

AFUL:

116493884(BCO1)

TGU:	100228904(BCO1)

LSR:	110476344(BCO1)

SCAN:

103816726(BCO1)

PMOA:

120508107(BCO1)

OTC:	121333966(BCO1)

PRUF:

121348928(BCO1)

GFR:	102040064(BCO1)

FAB:	101812113(BCO1)

OMA:	130257982(BCO1)

PHI:	102103988(BCO1)

PMAJ:

107209839(BCO1)

CCAE:

111934459(BCO1)

CCW:	104691821(BCO1)

CBRC:

103620112(BCO1)

ETL:	114070262(BCO1)

ZAB:	102064471(BCO1)

SVG:	106852096(BCO1)

MMEA:

130577282(BCO1)

HRT:	120757878(BCO1)

FPG:	101914506(BCO1)

FCH:	102058462(BCO1)

CLV:	102086476(BCO1)

EGZ:	104133740(BCO1)

NNI:	104014550(BCO1)

PCRI:

104037861(BCO1)

PLET:

104619754(BCO1)

EHS:	104516647(BCO1)

PCAO:

104048413(BCO1)

ACUN:

113484299(BCO1)

TALA:

104361474(BCO1)

PADL:

103923863(BCO1)

AFOR:

103897309(BCO1)

ACHC:

115346282(BCO1)

HALD:

104323278(BCO1)

HLE:	104839388(BCO1)

AGEN:

126041246

GCL:

127021148

CCRI:

104165425(BCO1)

CSTI:

104553962(BCO1)

CMAC:

104473010(BCO1)

MUI:	104534068(BCO1)

BREG:

104629879(BCO1)

FGA:	104070117(BCO1)

GSTE:

104256550(BCO1)

LDI:	104343421(BCO1)

MNB:	103772739(BCO1)

OHA:	104339195(BCO1)

NNT:	104411150(BCO1)

SHAB:

115601105(BCO1)

DPUB:

104300821(BCO1)

PGUU:

104468503(BCO1)

ACAR:

104523219(BCO1)

CPEA:

104396356(BCO1)

AVIT:

104276920(BCO1)

CVF:	104291184(BCO1)

RTD:	128909196(BCO1)

CUCA:

104059378(BCO1)

TEO:	104383740(BCO1)

BRHI:

104490101(BCO1)

AAM:	106483349(BCO1)

AROW:

112962937(BCO1)

NPD:	112949903(BCO1)

TGT:	104568725(BCO1)

DNE:	112978848(BCO1)

SCAM:

104149342(BCO1)

ASN:	102378066(BCO1)

AMJ:	102573601(BCO1)

CPOO:

109310648(BCO1)

GGN:	109289320(BCO1)

PSS:	102455966(BCO1)

CMY:	102929893(BCO1)

CCAY:

125620627(BCO1)

DCC:	119841081(BCO1)

CPIC:

101934984(BCO1)

TST:	117886728(BCO1)

CABI:

116819129(BCO1)

MRV:	120384255(BCO1)

ACS:	100563614(bco1)

ASAO:

132783340(BCO1)

PVT:	110085493(BCO1)

SUND:

121914241(BCO1)

VKO:	123025444(BCO1)

PMUA:

114601938(BCO1)

PRAF:

128419159(BCO1)

ZVI:	118087078(BCO1)

HCG:	128334106(BCO1)

GJA:	107105786(BCO1)

STOW:

125443273(BCO1)

EMC:	129343833(BCO1)

XLA:	108714030(bco1.L)

XTR:	100486582(bco1)

NPR:	108786164(BCO1)

RTEM:

120917687(BCO1)

BBUF:

120980552(BCO1)

BGAR:

122920589(BCO1)

MUO:	115469898(BCO1)

GSH:	117360087(BCO1)

DRE:	393580(bco1l) 84039(bco1)

SRX:	107727089 107727092 107730091

SANH:

107654342 107654352 107686809

SGH:	107562788 107562794 107584731 107584751

CCAR:

109107540 109110467 109110468 109110982

CAUA:

113051774 113106487 113106488

CGIB:

127962425 127962426 128016523

PTET:

122348050(bco1) 122349744(bco1l)

LROH:

127168523(bco1l) 127168987(bco1)

OMC:	131543254(bco1l) 131544153(bco1)

PPRM:

120492593(bco1) 120492750(bco1l)

RKG:	130100341(bco1l) 130100363(bco1)

MAMB:

125265772(bco1l) 125265773(bco1)

CIDE:

127516106 127516537

MASI:

127415260 127440575 127440595 127455770

TROS:

130552050(bco1l) 130557519(bco1)

TDW:	130423919(bco1) 130424531(bco1l)

MANU:

129451007(bco1) 129451018(bco1l)

IPU:	108271003(bco1) 108271004(bco1l)

IFU:	128614200(bco1l) 128614219(bco1)

PHYP:

113536683 113536734

SMEO:

124391287(bco1l) 124391288(bco1)

TFD:	113646642(bco1l) 113646782(bco1)

TVC:	132856481(bco1) 132856497(bco1l)

AMEX:

103036396 103036998

CMAO:

118818629(bco1l) 118819357(bco1)

EEE:	113577944 113577951

CHAR:

105906501(bco1l) 105906502(bco1) 116220811

TRU:	101076274(bco1) 101078539

TFS:	130513399(bco1) 130522637(bco1l)

TNG:	GSTEN00007677G001 GSTEN00012538G001

LCO:	104925853 104935641

NCC:	104958616(bco1)

TBEN:

117472313(bco1l) 117483913(bco1)

CGOB:

115004956 115025671

PGEO:

117465922(bco1)

GACU:

117543581(bco1)

EMAC:

134858151(bco1) 134860983(bco1l)

ELY:	117249967(bco1l) 117264319(bco1)

EFO:	125881481(bco1) 125884830(bco1l)

PLEP:

121960359(bco1) 121962989(bco1l)

SLUC:

116051093(bco1) 116055636(bco1l)

ECRA:

117937666(bco1)

ESP:	116672117(bco1)

PFLV:

114549355(bco1) 114551246

GAT:	120811631(bco1) 120814859(bco1l)

PPUG:

119198765(bco1) 119220406(bco1l)

AFB:	129110937(bco1) 129111637(bco1l)

CLUM:

117746558(bco1l) 117749934(bco1)

PSWI:

130204742(bco1l) 130205985(bco1)

MSAM:

119904985(bco1l) 119908238(bco1)

SCHU:

122866680(bco1) 122871934(bco1l)

CUD:	121506263(bco1l) 121527513(bco1)

ALAT:

119008343(bco1) 119015125(bco1l)

MZE:	101482784 101486459

ONL:	100692880 100706968

OAU:	116316701(bco1l) 116328308(bco1)

OLA:	100125487 100125495

OML:	112151052(bco1) 112156770(bco1l)

CSAI:

133422921(bco1) 133425251(bco1l)

XMA:	102218318 102234994

XCO:	114137167 114140569

XHE:	116711965 116715674

PRET:

103457901 103482517(bco1)

PFOR:

103155608(bco1)

PLAI:

106958929(bco1)

PMEI:

106932827(bco1)

GAF:	122824343(bco1) 122827072(bco1l)

PPRL:

129356618(bco1l) 129364841

CVG:	107093921 107097534

CTUL:

119771609(bco1l) 119784619(bco1)

GMU:	124858258(bco1) 124861460(bco1l)

NFU:	107383014 107384617

KMR:	108244032(bco1) 108246824(bco1l)

ALIM:

106517577 106529014

NWH:	119426267(bco1) 119428916(bco1l)

AOCE:

111586032 111589149

MCEP:

124995733(bco1) 125000656(bco1l)

CSEM:

103376919 103389784

POV:	109629652 109647352

SSEN:

122759699(bco1l) 122768293(bco1)

HHIP:

117754152(bco1) 117773410(bco1l)

HSP:	118098640(bco1) 118103635(bco1l)

SMAU:

118291059(bco1) 118309464(bco1l)

LCF:	108873195 108883998(bco1)

SDU:	111237286 111240064

SLAL:

111646867 111662996

XGL:	120790011(bco1) 120797958(bco1l)

HCQ:	109510418 109530150

SSCV:

125986021 125989427

SBIA:

133492718(bco1) 133510080(bco1l)

PEE:	133396435(bco1) 133411219(bco1l)

PTAO:

133470453(bco1) 133484399(bco1l)

BPEC:

110161019(bco1) 110164025

MALB:

109955625 109963704

BSPL:

114852864(bco1) 114865931(bco1l)

SJO:	128354600(bco1l) 128382303(bco1)

SASA:

101448034(bcmo1) 101448035 106562095

STRU:

115167281 115167282

OTW:	112249158 112249159 112263687

OMY:	110506506 110526385 110526946(bco1)

OGO:	124033772 124033773(bco1) 124035751

ONE:	115112228 115112229 115112230

OKI:	109887517 109887529 109895405

OKE:	118359231 118393845(bco1) 118393847

SALP:

111969357 111969360 112068646

SNH:	120025028 120046805 120046840

CCLU:

121555741 121555743 121556361 121559480

ELS:	105009385 105009410

SFM:	108926275 108934555

PKI:	111833019(bco1) 111833024

AANG:

118227562(bco1) 118228527(bco1l)

LOC:	102689435 102696484

PSPA:

121296499(bco1l) 121326205(bco1)

ARUT:

117424349(bco1l) 117425608(bco1)

PSEX:

120535467(bco1l) 120535468

LCM:	102362963(BCO1)

CMK:

103175958

CPLA:

122558277

HOC:

132823897

LERI:

129705393

PMRN:

116944239 116952124 116955979(BCO1)

LRJ:	133350937 133354821 133357924(BCO1)

BFO:	118405416 118405420 118409706 118412454 118425838 118430335

BBEL:

109465708 109471927 109480033

CIN:	778841(bco)

SCLV:

120348520

SPU:

591892

LPIC:

129275905

APLC:

110986645 110986662

BCOO:

119069541

HHAL:

106681006

HVI:

124363453

MQU:

128988500

IEL:

124170909

FCD:	110846545 110846938 110847115 110852649

PJA:	122242565 122256722

PCHN:

125046915

PMOO:

119591004

HAME:

121860386

CQD:

128696947

PTRU:

123504625 123505767 123505907 123509946

ESN:	126993495 127001576 127007111 127007882

HAZT:

108667193

LSM:

121113504 121114102 121114104 121117655 121117825 121117914 121118101 121118198 121118435 121119625 121119626 121120559 121120616 121122055 121126346 121126375 121126376 121126378 121126379 121126380 121126381 121126382 121126416 121128363 121128393 121128394 121128395 121131005 121131006 121131698 121131699 121131800

TCF:

131893530

PPOI:

119095839 119095906

DSV:	119442737 119442747 119442761 119442768 119448967

RSAN:

119383762 119394830 119395194

RMP:	119161033 119178121

ABRU:

129989018

UDV:

129225892

SDM:

118193732

NAI:	NECAME_15663

LGI:	LOTGIDRAFT_167306 LOTGIDRAFT_175541 LOTGIDRAFT_195993 LOTGIDRAFT_209535

PVUL:

126827127

PCAN:

112574255

BGT:

106056055

HRF:	124127802 124136145 124136147 124136226

HRJ:	124274827 124284641 124284642 124284668

CRG:	105321989 109619332 117690758

CVN:	111100534 111102792

CANU:

128184811

OED:

125645413

MYI:	110456893 110462741

PMAX:

117326864 117327756 117338088 117338261 117338502 117344162 117344260 117344880

MMER:

123546756

DPOL:

127869100

EPA:

110233465

ATEN:

116297854

GTT:	GUITHDRAFT_118319

PAM:

PANA_1898

PLF:	PANA5342_2296

PAJ:

PAJ_1228

PAQ:	PAGR_g2209

PVA:

Pvag_1853

PEY:	EE896_07445

PDIS:

D8B20_19485

VHA:	VIBHAR_02165

VCA:	M892_02500

PMAI:

CF386_07920

POR:	APT59_18960

PPSL:

BJP27_10835

MBS:	MRBBS_2788(blh)

MPQ:	ABA45_08860 ABA45_13165

SPSR:

EGC80_11280

GNI:

GNIT_0397

GPS:

C427_1920

HJA:	BST95_01490

AFUS:

EYZ66_11085

LHA:

LHA_1128

LGT:	E4T54_11430

LANT:

TUM19329_07900

FPT:

BZ13_1936

FPM:

LA56_173

FPZ:

LA55_706

FPJ:

LA02_1759

FRT:	F7308_1637

FHA:	CDV26_03535

FRC:

KX01_1812

FMI:	F0R74_01890

TCY:	Thicy_1504

SSAL:

SPISAL_04630 SPISAL_04965

SPIU:

SPICUR_05390

SROS:

BBH56_04725

SPIZ:

GJ672_05090

SHAI:

LMH63_11055

KUS:	B9G99_08295

KMA:	B9H00_06615

SALN:

SALB1_1269

NBA:	CUN60_05475

PVAC:

HC248_03361(blh_2)

VAA:	AX767_17620

ACTB:

RHM62_15625

MBAC:

BN1209_0334

MBAT:

BN1208_0602

MDI:

METDI1925

MCH:

Mchl_1482

MZA:	B2G69_13880

MET:

M446_0536

MAQU:

Maq22A_1p32950

MMES:

MMSR116_06350

MTEA:

DK419_23825

MIND:

mvi_44840

MTAD:

M6G65_25305

LIZ:	LGH83_10610

OAT:	OAN307_c45390

OAR:	OA238_c48300

SSAN:

NX02_06035

SPAU:

DRN02_011400

SPHR:

BSY17_1104

POQ:	KZX46_01835

PMEA:

KTC28_20505

ANH:	A6F65_02464

EGN:	BMF35_b0120

POT:	E2E27_08100

ABG:	Asbog_01119(blh)

LCK:	HN018_01610

PUB:	SAR11_0123

PEL:	SAR11G3_00688

PEG:	E5R92_05675

APC:	HIMB59_00004220

APM:	HIMB5_00001280

APB:	SAR116_2131

SMUL:

SMUL_1186

SHAL:

SHALO_1176

SULS:

Sdiek1_1252

SULJ:

SJPD1_1205

SULT:

FA592_12225

ABU:

Abu_0438

ABT:

ABED_0413

ABL:	A7H1H_0441

ACRE:

ACRYA_0570

AELL:

AELL_0594

ADZ:	ADFLV_0590

ARC:

ABLL_0583

PACO:

AACT_0703

APAI:

APAC_0479

HEBR:

AEBR_3045

MMAG:

MMAD_28640

MPSC:

MPSYJ_12920

MRF:	MJO55_25675

RANT:

RHODO2019_08195

RPLA:

A4Z71_06455

AQG:	HRU87_05270

AQK:	AKACHI_03080

CUG:	C1N91_16245

PSAI:

C3B54_11887

MALK:

MalAC0309_0248

MHUM:

NNL39_05320

MDB:	OVN18_04915

MANT:

BHD05_05645

GLN:	F1C58_11220

NAQU:

ENKNEFLB_02147

NBT:	KLP28_09470

GOB:

Gobs_1772

PLAN:

A1s21148_02090

PLAK:

A1s21155_01950

PSUF:

A1sIA56_01840

PVS:	A1sIA79_01705

RXY:

Rxyl_2039

RUB:	GBA63_13005

RMAR:

GBA65_04425

DEZ:	DKM44_03960

DEIN:

DAAJ005_04430

DPH:	EHF33_03845

TTL:	TtJL18_1347

TOS:	Theos_1452

TAQ:

TO73_1641

PPHT:

GA004_12745

TIM:	GMBLW1_12210

IPA:

Isop_3504

PHM:	PSMK_04480

HHY:	Halhy_1746

PEJ:	FYC62_03975

ALM:	AO498_12735

ALGO:

GYM62_08795

MDA:	IPZ59_15070

SLI:

Slin_1644

RSI:	Runsl_0236

RUN:	DR864_24190

FIB:	A6C57_11670

HYE:	AM218_05110

HYP:	A0257_12995 A0257_17635

HYZ:	AXW84_04905

HNV:	DDQ68_20730

HQI:	H9L05_17065

HRS:	HER32_02330

HYK:	O9Z63_09260

HCW:	O3303_07415

HSB:	MWH26_11225

HAEI:

MUN82_05815

MTT:	Ftrac_2394

MHAA:

Q3Y49_04985

FPF:	DCC35_13955

FBT:	D770_15435

FUV:	JR347_00595

TPEL:

P0M28_02260

MARE:

EJ994_09040

KDI:	Krodi_2219

DOK:	MED134_07114(blh)

DDO:

I597_1807

DOD:	DCS32_00600

PTQ:	P700755_000150

NDO:

DDD_0295

NOM:	AAT17_12000

NSD:	BST91_06760

NOB:	CW736_07965

NOJ:	EJ995_00755

NMF:

NMS_0163

POM:	MED152_12849(blh)

WIN:

WPG_3400

WIJ:	BWZ20_14700

SYI:	SB49_08600

FOR:	FORMB_24820

FOH:	FORMA_17840

KOS:	KORDIASMS9_04160

MUR:	EQY75_09985

CAGG:

HYG79_12445

SPON:

HME9304_00763

BBAU:

AEM51_06095

SRU:	SRU_0742(brp) SRU_2210

SRM:	SRM_00919(brp) SRM_02436

CPRV:

CYPRO_0401

HAL:	VNG_1465G(brp) VNG_2136G(blh)

HSL:	OE_3102R(brp) OE_3980R(blh)

HANR:

LJ422_05960 LJ422_08585

HHB:	Hhub_3440(blh)

HAGS:

JT689_07280 JT689_09935

HABO:

JRZ79_05710 JRZ79_08315

HLU:	LT972_00770

HALX:

M0R89_09860

HAXZ:

M0R88_10080

HAYC:

NGM10_05830

SAIM:

K0C01_06250 K0C01_07125

HARA:

AArcS_2587 AArcS_2786

HMA:	rrnAC1901(brp) rrnAC2066(blh)

HHI:	HAH_2414(brp) HAH_2561(blh)

HHN:	HISP_12290 HISP_13030

HAB:	SG26_04605 SG26_05300

HTA:	BVU17_11745 BVU17_12385

HALJ:

G9465_06230 G9465_06635

HSIN:

KDQ40_00565 KDQ40_01360

NPH:	NP_0206A(brp) NP_0650A(blh)

NMO:	Nmlp_1292(blh) Nmlp_3577(brp)

HUT:	Huta_0319 Huta_1440

HTI:	HTIA_0506 HTIA_1600

HALA:

Hrd1104_00340 Hrd1104_03710

HASV:

SVXHr_0191 SVXHr_1254(blh)

HABN:

HBNXHr_0183 HBNXHr_1238(blh)

HMU:	Hmuk_1285 Hmuk_1685

HALZ:

E5139_09590 E5139_11550

HALL:

LC1Hm_0499

HAZP:

GBQ70_09585 GBQ70_11545

HSN:	DV733_07115 DV733_09840

HDS:	HSR122_0173 HSR122_2589

HRR:	HZS55_01685

HPEL:

HZS54_02175

HLT:	I7X12_05355 I7X12_10570

SSAI:

N0B31_16915 N0B31_19500

HWA:	HQ_1019A(blh) HQ_1864A(brp)

HWC:	Hqrw_1021(blh) Hqrw_2002(brp)

HAQ:	DU484_04385

HAJ:	DU500_04860

HAER:

DU502_02365

HRA:	EI982_09635 EI982_11175

HLM:	DV707_02690

HLA:

Hlac_2732

HALP:

DOS48_12490 DOS48_13600

HALB:

EKH57_08315 EKH57_10900

HEZZ:

EO776_04180 EO776_15185

HALQ:

Hrr1229_003125 Hrr1229_006995

HSS:	J7656_01740 J7656_12680

HSAI:

HPS36_03025 HPS36_07240

HAZZ:

KI388_01665 KI388_13165

SRUB:

C2R22_20235

HAE:	halTADL_3129

HRM:	K6T25_06255 K6T25_12715

HACB:

Hbl1158_11745 Hbl1158_16015

HDF:	AArcSl_2784(blh) AArcSl_2791(blh2)

HXA:	Halxa_3251

NAT:

NJ7G_2814

NPE:	Natpe_0344

NPL:	FGF80_05455

HALY:

HYG82_10755

HJT:	DVR14_11035

HLO:	J0X27_12460

NGE:	Natgr_0246

HLC:	CHINAEXTREME13545 CHINAEXTREME13555

NAJ:	B1756_10770

NAG:	AArcMg_0473 AArcMg_0575

NAN:	AArc1_0484 AArc1_0587

NBG:	DV706_12805

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:5946623]

Authors

Goodman DS, Huang HS, Shiratori T.

Title

Mechanism of the biosynthesis of vitamin A from beta-carotene.

Journal

J Biol Chem 241:1929-32 (1966)

Reference

Authors

Goodman, D.S., Huang, H.S., Kanai, M. and Shiratori, T.

Title

The enzymatic conversion of all-trans beta-carotene into retinal.

Journal

J Biol Chem 242:3543-3554 (1967)

Reference

3 [PMID:11401432]

Authors

Yan W, Jang GF, Haeseleer F, Esumi N, Chang J, Kerrigan M, Campochiaro M, Campochiaro P, Palczewski K, Zack DJ

Title

Cloning and characterization of a human beta,beta-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase that is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Journal

Genomics 72:193-202 (2001)
DOI:10.1006/geno.2000.6476

Sequence

[hsa:53630] [mmu:63857]

Reference

4 [PMID:11458349]

Authors

Leuenberger MG, Engeloch-Jarret C, Woggon WD.

Title

The Reaction Mechanism of the Enzyme-Catalyzed Central Cleavage of beta-Carotene to Retinal This research was supported by F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG and the Swiss National Science Foundation. We are grateful to F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG for a generous gift of carotenoids and Dr. Claus Bornemann for preliminary experiments.

Journal

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 40:2613-2617 (2001)
DOI:10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14<2613::AID-ANIE2613>3.0.CO;2-Z

Reference

5 [PMID:18979213]

Authors

Kim YS, Oh DK

Title

Substrate specificity of a recombinant chicken beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase that converts beta-carotene into retinal.

Journal

Biotechnol Lett 31:403-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10529-008-9873-4

Reference

6 [PMID:19366683]

Authors

Kim YS, Kim NH, Yeom SJ, Kim SW, Oh DK

Title

In vitro characterization of a recombinant Blh protein from an uncultured marine bacterium as a beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 284:15781-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109.002618

Sequence

[ag:AAY68319]

Reference

7 [PMID:20229064]

Authors

Kim YS, Park CS, Oh DK

Title

Retinal production from beta-carotene by beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase from an unculturable marine bacterium.

Journal

Biotechnol Lett 32:957-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10529-010-0239-3

Sequence

[ag:AAY68319]

Reference

8 [PMID:24668807]

Authors

dela Sena C, Riedl KM, Narayanasamy S, Curley RW Jr, Schwartz SJ, Harrison EH

Title

The human enzyme that converts dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A is a dioxygenase.

Journal

J Biol Chem 289:13661-6 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M114.557710

Sequence

[hsa:53630]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.13.11.63

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.13.11.63

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.13.11.63

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.13.11.63

DBGET integrated database retrieval system