Entry
Name
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming);
dehydrosqualene desaturase (ambiguous);
CrtN (ambiguous);
4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (ambiguous);
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase;
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (ambiguous)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a flavin as acceptor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene:FAD oxidoreductase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2 (overall reaction) [RN:
R09690 ];
(1a) 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FADH2 [RN:
R09719 ];
(1b) all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FADH2 [RN:
R09744 ];
(1c) all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FADH2 [RN:
R09745 ];
(1d) all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2 [RN:
R09746 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene [CPD:
C16144 ];
FAD [CPD:
C00016 ];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene
Product
all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene;
FADH2 [CPD:
C01352 ];
all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene;
all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene;
all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene
Comment
The enzyme catalyses four successive dehydrogenations, resulting in production of 4,4'-diapolycopene. While the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus was only shown to produce 4,4'-diaponeurosporene in vivo [4], it is able to catalyse the last reaction in vitro [5].
History
EC 1.3.8.2 created 2011, modified 2011
Pathway
ec01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K10209 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase
Genes
MMT : Metme_3722 Metme_3772
SAX : USA300HOU_2556(crtN)
SUQ : HMPREF0772_10628(crtN)
SUX : SAEMRSA15_24640(crtN)
SUF : SARLGA251_23360(crtN)
SAUV : SAI7S6_1019060(crtN)
SAUW : SAI5S5_1019000(crtN)
SAUX : SAI6T6_1019010(crtN)
SAUY : SAI8T7_1019040(crtN)
SXY : BE24_11825 BE24_13815
SPIC : SAMEA4384060_0089(crtN)
SSH : NCTC13712_02517(crtN)
SSIM : SAMEA4384339_2367(crtN)
COHN : KCTCHS21_30290(crtI)
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Wieland B, Feil C, Gloria-Maercker E, Thumm G, Lechner M, Bravo JM, Poralla K, Gotz F.
Title
Genetic and biochemical analyses of the biosynthesis of the yellow carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene of Staphylococcus aureus.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Raisig A, Sandmann G
Title
4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase: catalytic properties of an enzyme from the C(30) carotenoid pathway of Staphylococcus aureus.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Raisig A, Sandmann G
Title
Functional properties of diapophytoene and related desaturases of C(30) and C(40) carotenoid biosynthetic pathways.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Tao L, Schenzle A, Odom JM, Cheng Q
Title
Novel carotenoid oxidase involved in biosynthesis of 4,4'-diapolycopene dialdehyde.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yoshida K, Ueda S, Maeda I
Title
Carotenoid production in Bacillus subtilis achieved by metabolic engineering.
Journal
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.3.8.2
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.3.8.2
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.3.8.2