Entry
Name
caffeine synthase;
dimethylxanthine methyltransferase;
3N-methyltransferase;
DXMT;
CCS1;
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine 1-N-methyltransferase
Class
Transferases;
Transferring one-carbon groups;
Methyltransferases
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine N1-methyltransferase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [RN:
R07920 ];
(2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [RN:
R07921 ];
(3) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-methylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine [RN:
R07919 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
S-adenosyl-L-methionine [CPD:
C00019 ];
3,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:
C07480 ];
1,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:
C13747 ];
7-methylxanthine [CPD:
C16353 ]
Product
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine [CPD:
C00021 ];
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine [CPD:
C07481 ];
3,7-dimethylxanthine [CPD:
C07480 ]
Comment
Paraxanthine is the best substrate for this enzyme but the paraxanthine pathway is considered to be a minor pathway for caffeine biosynthesis [2,3].
History
EC 2.1.1.160 created 2007
Pathway
ec01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
ec01120 Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
Orthology
Genes
TCC : 108663908 18585922(BCS1) 18585928
EGR : 104421108 104421109 104421110 104423345 104423346
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
Kato M, Mizuno K, Fujimura T, Iwama M, Irie M, Crozier A, Ashihara H
Title
Purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Mizuno K, Okuda A, Kato M, Yoneyama N, Tanaka H, Ashihara H, Fujimura T
Title
Isolation of a new dual-functional caffeine synthase gene encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 7-methylxanthine to caffeine from coffee (Coffea arabica L.).
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Uefuji H, Ogita S, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H
Title
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Kato M, Mizuno K, Crozier A, Fujimura T, Ashihara H
Title
Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves.
Journal
Sequence
Other DBs
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 2.1.1.160