KEGG ENZYME: 2.4.1.241

ENZYME: 2.4.1.241

Entry

EC 2.4.1.241                Enzyme

Name

digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase;
DGD1;
DGD2;
DGDG synthase (ambiguous);
UDP-galactose-dependent DGDG synthase;
UDP-galactose-dependent digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase;
UDP-galactose:MGDG galactosyltransferase;
UDP-galactose:3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 6-alpha-galactosyltransferase

Class

Transferases;
Glycosyltransferases;
Hexosyltransferases

Sysname

UDP-alpha-D-galactose:1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 6-alpha-galactosyltransferase

Reaction(IUBMB)

UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol [RN:R04469]

Reaction(KEGG)

R04469

Substrate

UDP-alpha-D-galactose [CPD:C00052];
1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol

Product

UDP [CPD:C00015];
1,2-diacyl-3-O-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol [CPD:C06037]

Comment

Requires Mg2+. Diacylglycerol cannot serve as an acceptor molecule for galactosylation as in the reaction catalysed by EC 2.4.1.46, monogalactosyldiacylglyerol synthase. When phosphate is limiting, phospholipids in plant membranes are reduced but these are replaced, at least in part, by the glycolipids digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol [3]. While both DGD1 and DGD2 are increased under phosphate-limiting conditions, DGD2 does not contribute significantly under optimal growth conditions. DGD2 is responsible for the synthesis of DGDG molecular species that are rich in C16 fatty acids at sn-1 of diacylglycerol whereas DGD1 leads to molecular species rich in C18 fatty acids [3]. The enzyme has been localized to the outer side of chloroplast envelope membranes.

History

EC 2.4.1.241 created 2005

Pathway

ec00561

Glycerolipid metabolism

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K09480

digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase

Genes

ATH:	AT3G11670(DGD1) AT4G00550(DGD2)

ALY:	9298787 9309013 9320923

CRB:	17881824 17892353

CSAT:

104705318 104712038 104737722 104745391 104764923 109124446

EUS:	EUTSA_v10020090mg EUTSA_v10028633mg

BRP:	103836912 103870321

BNA:	106372022 106434959 111215733 125577642

BOE:	106295179 106318357

RSZ:	108823832 108863063

THJ:	104801456 104816623

CPAP:

110810554 110819516

CIT:	102607996 102608572 102625925 127898701 127901164

CIC:	CICLE_v10011110mg CICLE_v10019524mg CICLE_v10023521mg

PVY:	116134236 116135890

MINC:

123215289 123222588 123223264 123227641

TCC:	18598403 18614197

GRA:	105761696 105786283 105802667

GHI:	107911961 107925636 107928180 107934604 107942790 107957255

GAB:	108463914 108470625 108470808

HSYR:

120126160 120135522 120136135 120200823

DZI:	111296148 111304691 111311654

EGR:	104415073 104443476

GMX:	100777005 100796354 547762(DGD2) 548059(DGD1)

GSJ:	114396692 114399117 114407266 114425245

PVU:	PHAVU_001G195600g PHAVU_008G069100g

VRA:	106757670 106759514

VAR:	108329119 108329638

VUN:	114173157 114185538

VUM:	124820516 124838441 124838443

CCAJ:

109802252 109813963

APRC:

113861046 113862625

MTR:	11433163 11433215 25483131 25483735 25499485

TPRA:

123883591 123890318

CAM:	101493389 101502949 101504489

PSAT:

127125573 127127129

VVO:	131610921 131612094 131638328

LJA:	Lj0g3v0297149.1(Lj0g3v0297149.1) Lj0g3v0297149.2(Lj0g3v0297149.2) Lj1g3v2627380.1(Lj1g3v2627380.1) Lj1g3v2627390.1(Lj1g3v2627390.1) Lj1g3v2627390.2(Lj1g3v2627390.2) Lj1g3v2627390.3(Lj1g3v2627390.3) Lj1g3v4741430.1(Lj1g3v4741430.1) Lj1g3v4741440.1(Lj1g3v4741440.1)

ADU:	107471463 107476146 107485618

AIP:	107622579 107626341 107634959

AHF:	112716594 112728758 112744038 112757793 112784067 112797397

LANG:

109325765 109334419 109336702 109348293 109360761

PCIN:

129288409 129301178 129322137 129322318

QSA:	O6P43_009673 O6P43_017575

FVE:	101296403 101312478

RCN:	112180925 112192509

PPER:

18771456 18786635

PMUM:

103331870 103339533

PAVI:

110759292 110763819

PDUL:

117617647 117634330

MDM:	103414953 103429278 103433247 103446060

MSYL:

126594328 126599391 126619193 126628090

PXB:	103932702 103938462 103940583 103941225 103963050 103963051 103965563

ZJU:	107423541 107433638

MNT:	21399473 21399960

CSAV:

115698658 115706653

CSV:	101204668 101218383

CMO:	103483294 103500937

BHJ:	120070328 120073159

MCHA:

111005590 111016394

CMAX:

111471256 111474080 111477776

CMOS:

111433114 111441266 111463462

CPEP:

111782189 111800738 111803471

RCU:	8258532 8263556

JCU:	105635812 105643028

HBR:	110634714 110642613 110669503

MESC:

110615686 110620809 110622796

POP:	7464915 7488093 7497644

PEU:	105133391 105138245 105141035

PALZ:

118027952 118041380 118050733

JRE:	108985884 109006878 109013528

CILL:

122279419 122309536

CAVE:

132188238 132191471

QSU:	111993783 112019570

QLO:	115952815 115956109

TWL:	119982607 119993457 119998187

VVI:	100247315 100251641 100259167 132252662

VRI:	117920624 117920834 117932370

SLY:	101247974 101250748 101258305 101266854

SPEN:

107002635 107007113 107012280 107032043

SOT:	102578378 102578535 102580118 102585986

SSTN:

125849176 125854950 125864451 125864587

SDUL:

129875538 129876687 129886598 129887721

CANN:

107839149 107843714 107845447 107846342

LBB:	132607230 132625921 132632963 132645615

NTA:	107762360 107763434 107768312(dgd1) 107778488 107786634 107796438 107800723 107801677

NSY:	104214465 104218748 104223106 104249200

NTO:	104110396 104116420 104118521 104120512

NAU:	109221027 109226675 109229572 109243803

INI:	109182066 109184240

ITR:	115997421 116006526 116017136

SIND:

105172127 105173989

OEU:	111368502 111391546

EGT:	105949973 105963772

SSPL:

121747529 121759924

SMIL:

130996593 130997071

SHIS:

125221554 125224292

APAN:

127245733 127251736

HAN:	110864760 110891050 110898197

ECAD:

122581090 122594186

LSV:	111912882 111916639

CCAV:

112503912 112522271 112527017

DCR:	108209486 108210098 108227560

CSIN:

114270638 114319930

RVL:	131319183 131323723 131333298

AEW:	130757219 130772481 130781351 130790086 130793548

BVG:	104888511 104892100

SOE:	110789077 110794769

CQI:	110714648 110731745 110733854 110735408

ATRI:

130800007 130803642 130810260

MOF:	131161806 131166230

NNU:	104590241 104607819

MING:

122057094 122068998 122079674 122082472

TSS:	122642660 122649954 122668964 122669263

PSOM:

113298111 113302862 113308946 113321177

OSA:	4329584 4332054 4332372 4335812 4349835

DOSA:

Os02t0539100-01(Os02g0539100) Os03t0214400-01(Os03g0214400) Os03t0268300-01(Os03g0268300) Os11t0158400-01(Os11g0158400)

OBR:	102706456 102709991 102711343 102713684 102722841

OGL:	127754533 127763440 127767902 127768898 127770667

BDI:	100824823 100831810 100837116 100839031 100845054

ATS:	109763829 109769706 109780210 109781057

TDC:	119284925 119285241 119286341 119290859 119291211 119295434 119355125 119364247

TAES:

123045427 123053264 123085082 123085405 123086528 123091471 123092628 123092975 123096436 123097939 123098248 123176233 123176237 123189181

TUA:	125529345 125538190 125550961 125552475

LPER:

127294277 127296055 127296497 127334584 127334777

LRD:	124672103 124675686 124696885 124701814 124702035 124703335 124703339

SBI:	110431775 8064233 8070659 8077578 8084949

ZMA:	100277520 100286172 100382823 100383181 103646485

SITA:

101759231 101764872 101770913 101772957 101776547

SVS:	117833394 117837228 117838290 117857095 117865002

PVIR:

120640949 120643640 120646866 120652882 120655988 120681814 120684639 120688331 120691375 120704000

PHAI:

112872938 112873714 112899902 112900197 112902288

PDA:	103703146 103706234 103714289 103716768

EGU:	105038316 105045466 105052064 105056883

MUS:	103971254 103973582 103996864 103999640 104000310

ZOF:	121976523 122018977 122020895 122022279 122023364 122023799 122053263

DCT:	110094970 110102539

PEQ:	110019456 110030018

AOF:	109820184 109823818

MSIN:

131226613 131235476 131251007

NCOL:

116255880 116266806

ATR:	18427149 18444395

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_130585(Dgd)

PPP:	112273247 112276128 112284585 112288652

CRE:	CHLRE_13g583600v5

VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_116955

MNG:

MNEG_9619

CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_2635 COCSUDRAFT_27439 COCSUDRAFT_49349

CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_31413

APRO:

F751_0628

OLU:	OSTLU_17319 OSTLU_46154

OTA:	OT_ostta07g03110 OT_ostta11g01370

BPG:	Bathy04g03150 Bathy13g01940

MIS:	MICPUN_83849 MICPUN_86997

MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_20694(JGI:MicpuC2_20694) MICPUCDRAFT_46248(JGI:MicpuC2_46248)

CCP:	CHC_T00008344001

SMIN:

v1.2.038003.t1(symbB.v1.2.038003.t1)

FCY:	FRACYDRAFT_138536

AAF:	AURANDRAFT_2181 AURANDRAFT_23035

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_443881 EMIHUDRAFT_452862 EMIHUDRAFT_453786

GTT:	GUITHDRAFT_115024

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:11696551]

Authors

Kelly AA, Dormann P.

Title

DGD2, an arabidopsis gene encoding a UDP-galactose-dependent digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase is expressed during growth under phosphate-limiting conditions.

Journal

J Biol Chem 277:1166-73 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110066200

Sequence

[ath:AT4G00550]

Reference

2 [PMID:10973486]

Authors

Hartel H, Dormann P, Benning C.

Title

DGD1-independent biosynthesis of extraplastidic galactolipids after phosphate deprivation in Arabidopsis.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:10649-54 (2000)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.180320497

Reference

3 [PMID:14600212]

Authors

Kelly AA, Froehlich JE, Dormann P

Title

Disruption of the two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase genes DGD1 and DGD2 in Arabidopsis reveals the existence of an additional enzyme of galactolipid synthesis.

Journal

Plant Cell 15:2694-706 (2003)
DOI:10.1105/tpc.016675

Sequence

[ath:AT3G11670 AT4G00550]

Reference

4 [PMID:15590685]

Authors

Benning C, Ohta H.

Title

Three enzyme systems for galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis are coordinately regulated in plants.

Journal

J Biol Chem 280:2397-400 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R400032200