KEGG ENZYME: 3.5.4.38

ENZYME: 3.5.4.38

Entry

EC 3.5.4.38                 Enzyme

Name

single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase;
AID;
activation-induced deaminase;
AICDA (gene name);
activation-induced cytidine deaminase

Class

Hydrolases;
Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds;
In cyclic amidines

Sysname

single-stranded DNA cytosine aminohydrolase

Reaction(IUBMB)

cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O = uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3

Substrate

cytosine in single-stranded DNA;
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Product

uracil in single-stranded DNA;
NH3 [CPD:C00014]

Comment

The enzyme exclusively catalyses deamination of cytosine in single-stranded DNA. It preferentially deaminates five-nucleotide bubbles. The optimal target consists of a single-stranded NWRCN motif (W = A or T, R = A or G) [2]. The enzyme initiates antibody diversification processes by deaminating immunoglobulin sequences.

History

EC 3.5.4.38 created 2013

Orthology

K10989

activation-induced cytidine deaminase

Genes

HSA:	57379(AICDA)

PTR:	473404(AICDA)

PPS:	100973347(AICDA)

GGO:	101135489(AICDA)

PON:	100439396(AICDA)

NLE:	100592218(AICDA)

HMH:	116472219(AICDA)

MCC:	716378(AICDA)

MCF:	102122751(AICDA)

MTHB:

126931394

MNI:	105499877(AICDA)

CSAB:

103218532(AICDA)

CATY:

105587957(AICDA)

PANU:

101022355(AICDA)

TGE:	112634673(AICDA)

MLEU:

105552616 105552619

RRO:	104672844(AICDA)

RBB:	108543657(AICDA)

TFN:	117090538(AICDA)

PTEH:

111526623(AICDA)

CANG:

105519921(AICDA)

CJC:	100387865(AICDA)

SBQ:	101034094(AICDA)

CIMI:

108291856(AICDA)

CSYR:

103251717(AICDA)

MMUR:

105878286

LCAT:

123640610(AICDA)

PCOQ:

105805010(AICDA) 105822737

OGA:	100945807(AICDA)

MMU:	11628(Aicda)

MCAL:

110295779(Aicda)

MPAH:

110317038(Aicda)

RNO:	399679(Aicda)

MCOC:

116098317(Aicda)

ANU:	117715417(Aicda)

MUN:	110556288(Aicda)

CGE:	100689250(Aicda)

MAUA:

101841949(Aicda)

PROB:

127236105(Aicda)

PLEU:

114683510(Aicda)

MORG:

121441889(Aicda)

MFOT:

126514847

NGI:	103727567(Aicda)

HGL:	101723465(Aicda)

CPOC:

100729642 100731564 100732386

CCAN:

109680708(Aicda)

DORD:

105991013(Aicda)

DSP:	122127021(Aicda)

NCAR:

124982773

MMMA:

107159908(Aicda)

OCU:

100008969

OPI:	101535645(AICDA)

TUP:	102476438(AICDA)

GVR:	103582258 103597927(AICDA)

CFA:	442983(AICDA)

CLUD:

112675321(AICDA)

VVP:	112917509(AICDA)

VLG:	121479859(AICDA)

NPO:	129517094(AICDA)

AML:	100474338(AICDA)

UMR:	103669168(AICDA)

UAH:	113257425(AICDA)

UAR:	123781604(AICDA)

ELK:

111142054

LLV:

125107996

MPUF:

101679159(AICDA)

MNP:	132020581(AICDA)

MLK:	131839096(AICDA)

NVS:	122891601(AICDA)

ORO:	101375110(AICDA)

EJU:	114221688(AICDA)

ZCA:	113921816(AICDA)

MLX:	118025698(AICDA)

NSU:	110580728(AICDA)

LWW:	102740926(AICDA)

FCA:	101101143(AICDA)

PYU:	121022000(AICDA)

PCOO:

112867886(AICDA)

PBG:	122472688(AICDA)

PVIV:

125170490(AICDA)

LRUF:

124502426

PTG:	102950698(AICDA)

PPAD:

109276061(AICDA)

PUC:

125920086

AJU:

106965426

HHV:	120222699(AICDA)

BTA:	539888(AICDA)

BOM:	102271255(AICDA)

BIU:	109558588(AICDA)

BBUB:

102396934(AICDA)

BBIS:

104995476(AICDA)

CHX:	102181572(AICDA)

OAS:	101103056(AICDA)

BTAX:

128048240(AICDA) 128048260

ODA:	120857972(AICDA)

CCAD:

122423621(AICDA)

MBEZ:

129536138(AICDA)

SSC:	100526050(AICDA)

CFR:	102517000(AICDA)

CBAI:

105062175(AICDA)

CDK:	105098237(AICDA)

VPC:	102527290(AICDA)

BACU:

103010462(AICDA)

BMUS:

118902008(AICDA)

LVE:	103069988(AICDA)

OOR:	101285289(AICDA)

DLE:	111176735(AICDA)

PCAD:

102985948(AICDA)

PSIU:

116760951(AICDA)

NASI:

112391805(AICDA)

ECB:	100061137(AICDA)

EPZ:	103556648(AICDA)

EAI:	106837434(AICDA)

MYB:	102246875(AICDA)

MYD:	102754251(AICDA)

MMYO:

118650733(AICDA)

MLF:	102430894(AICDA)

PKL:	118729810(AICDA)

EFUS:

103285399(AICDA)

MNA:	107543987(AICDA)

DRO:	112321970(AICDA)

SHON:

119002541(AICDA)

AJM:	119065676(AICDA)

PDIC:

114513696(AICDA)

PHAS:

123819343(AICDA)

MMF:	118624457(AICDA)

PPAM:

129084639(AICDA)

HAI:	109372744(AICDA) 109392228

RFQ:	117028892(AICDA)

PALE:

102880164(AICDA)

PVP:	105295918(AICDA)

RAY:	107501658(AICDA)

MJV:	108396885(AICDA)

TOD:	119247037(AICDA)

SARA:

101553692(AICDA)

LAV:	100656685(AICDA)

TMU:

101348216

ETF:	101651339(AICDA)

DNM:	101417910 101428702(AICDA)

MDO:	100013907(AICDA)

GAS:	123249252(AICDA)

SHR:	100931157(AICDA)

AFZ:

127564395

PCW:	110213822(AICDA)

OAA:	100085951(AICDA)

GGA:	418257(AICDA)

PCOC:

116240951(AICDA)

MGP:	100542460(AICDA)

CJO:	107318165(AICDA)

TPAI:

128089913(AICDA)

LMUT:

125686545(AICDA)

NMEL:

110392453(AICDA)

APLA:

101792498(AICDA)

ACYG:

106048067(AICDA)

CATA:

118247772(AICDA)

AFUL:

116490129(AICDA)

TGU:	105758674(AICDA)

LSR:	110472352(AICDA)

SCAN:

103812487(AICDA)

PMOA:

120497751(AICDA)

OTC:	121340964(AICDA)

PRUF:

121349848(AICDA)

GFR:	102039832(AICDA)

FAB:	101816423(AICDA)

OMA:

130256824

PHI:	102100565(AICDA)

PMAJ:

107212474(AICDA)

CCAE:

111925850(AICDA)

CCW:

104690263

CBRC:

103616671(AICDA)

ETL:	114069347(AICDA)

ZAB:

102067674

ACHL:

103810517(AICDA)

SVG:	106859816(AICDA)

MMEA:

130579210(AICDA)

HRT:	120748603(AICDA)

FPG:	101914801(AICDA)

FCH:	102056463(AICDA)

CLV:	102087778(AICDA)

EGZ:	104122769(AICDA)

NNI:	104014575(AICDA)

PCRI:

104031013(AICDA)

PLET:

104618143(AICDA)

EHS:	104513937(AICDA)

PCAO:

104048838(AICDA)

ACUN:

113491213(AICDA)

TALA:

104366491(AICDA)

PADL:

103915113(AICDA)

AFOR:

103908541(AICDA)

ACHC:

115352641(AICDA)

HALD:

104323321

HLE:	104836676(AICDA)

AGEN:

126047956

GCL:

127016006

CCRI:

104162401(AICDA)

CSTI:

104551955(AICDA)

CMAC:

104486310(AICDA)

MUI:	104538793(AICDA)

BREG:

104631184(AICDA)

FGA:	104081375(AICDA)

GSTE:

104264504(AICDA)

LDI:	104345794(AICDA)

OHA:	104332448(AICDA)

NNT:	104402025(AICDA)

SHAB:

115605328(AICDA)

DPUB:

104306897(AICDA)

PGUU:

104466317(AICDA)

ACAR:

104531752(AICDA)

CPEA:

104394553(AICDA)

AVIT:

104268823(AICDA)

CVF:	104294500(AICDA)

RTD:	128900382(AICDA)

CUCA:

104060634(AICDA)

TEO:	104370795(AICDA)

BRHI:

104490457(AICDA)

AAM:	106495707(AICDA)

AROW:

112973977(AICDA)

NPD:	112952040(AICDA)

TGT:	104580214(AICDA)

DNE:	112992434(AICDA)

SCAM:

104152044(AICDA)

ASN:	102376898(AICDA)

AMJ:	102558786(AICDA)

CPOO:

109316235(AICDA)

GGN:	109296590(AICDA)

PSS:	102452729(AICDA)

CMY:	102933542(AICDA)

CCAY:

125630289(AICDA)

DCC:	119841986(AICDA)

CPIC:

101942640(AICDA)

TST:	117884862(AICDA)

CABI:

116823840(AICDA)

MRV:	120381360(AICDA)

ACS:	100558459(aicda)

ASAO:

132766547

PVT:	110090848(AICDA)

SUND:

121922863

PBI:	103050866(AICDA)

PMUR:

107288413(AICDA)

CTIG:

120318700(AICDA)

PGUT:

117656286(AICDA)

APRI:

131190012(AICDA)

PTEX:

113444471(AICDA)

NSS:	113425291(AICDA)

VKO:	123017771(AICDA)

PMUA:

114588074(AICDA)

PRAF:

128405348(AICDA)

ZVI:	118097951(AICDA)

HCG:	128346012(AICDA)

GJA:	107116093(AICDA)

EMC:	129345720(AICDA)

XLA:	108697151(aicda.S) 734224(aicda.L)

XTR:	100497606(aicda)

NPR:	108799486(AICDA)

RTEM:

120910359(AICDA) 120913458

BBUF:

120977651 121004594

BGAR:

122942284(AICDA)

MUO:

115457694

GSH:	117350312(AICDA)

DRE:	493784(aicda)

SRX:	107724977 107744312

SANH:

107672983 107692585

SGH:	107549448 107598400

CCAR:

109113171(aicda)

CAUA:

113059628 113116839

CGIB:

127975213 128031077

PTET:

122361041(aicda)

LROH:

127178851(aicda)

OMC:	131521313(aicda)

PPRM:

120484243(aicda)

RKG:	130103662(aicda)

MAMB:

125244252(aicda)

CIDE:

127496747

MASI:

127453529 127454160

TROS:

130558596 130558597

TDW:	130433519(aicda)

MANU:

129447865(aicda)

IPU:	100304619(aicda)

IFU:	128615018(aicda)

PHYP:

113542425(aicda)

SMEO:

124384570(aicda)

TFD:	113643574(aicda)

TVC:	132846078(aicda)

AMEX:

103042217(aicda)

CMAO:

118825159(aicda)

EEE:	113570641(aicda)

CHAR:

105905513(aicda)

TRU:	777999(aicda)

TFS:	130533039(aicda)

TNG:	GSTEN00015446G001

LCO:	104934638(aicda)

NCC:	104960416(aicda)

TBEN:

117480638(aicda)

CGOB:

115021432(aicda)

PGEO:

117461407(aicda)

GACU:

117543323(aicda)

EMAC:

134861786(aicda)

ELY:	117266528(aicda)

EFO:	125893531(aicda)

PLEP:

121946375(aicda)

SLUC:

116049673(aicda)

ECRA:

117946294(aicda)

ESP:	116691310(aicda)

PFLV:

114557330(aicda)

GAT:	120810728(aicda)

PPUG:

119197276(aicda)

AFB:	129110195(aicda)

CLUM:

117745415(aicda)

MSAM:

119897479(aicda)

SCHU:

122882091(aicda)

CUD:	121513645(aicda)

ALAT:

119006385(aicda)

MZE:	101463826(aicda)

ONL:	100694963(aicda)

OAU:	116323857(aicda)

OLA:	101168236(aicda)

OML:	112143736(aicda)

CSAI:

133441048(aicda)

XMA:	102220777(aicda)

XCO:	114142228(aicda)

XHE:	116716637(aicda)

PRET:

103478041(aicda)

PFOR:

103136694 103136697

PLAI:

106958069(aicda)

PMEI:

106916557(aicda)

GAF:	122831115(aicda)

PPRL:

129371498(aicda)

CVG:

107082210

CTUL:

119783184(aicda)

GMU:	124865717(aicda)

NFU:

107379531

KMR:	108235484(aicda)

ALIM:

106520455(aicda)

NWH:	119409964(aicda)

AOCE:

111586370(aicda)

MCEP:

125016550(aicda)

CSEM:

103387859(aicda)

POV:	109633057(aicda)

SSEN:

122774628(aicda)

HHIP:

117776956(aicda)

HSP:	118113247(aicda)

SMAU:

118315528(aicda)

LCF:

108887318

SDU:	111230178(aicda)

SLAL:

111669845(aicda)

XGL:	120784028(aicda)

HCQ:	109515270(aicda)

SBIA:

133501050(aicda)

PEE:	133401937(aicda)

PTAO:

133480209(aicda)

BPEC:

110163179(aicda)

MALB:

109970232(aicda)

BSPL:

114842970(aicda)

SJO:	128365872(aicda)

SASA:

106575151 106576980

STRU:

115165100 115176836

OTW:

112237113

OMY:

118944062

OGO:

123998044

OKI:	109868790 109879275

OKE:	118378355 127914243

SALP:

111964712 112081092

SNH:	120047719 120047766

CCLU:

121542386(aicda)

ELS:

105019036

SFM:

108924694

PKI:	111845806(aicda)

AANG:

118215063(aicda)

LOC:

102694057

PSPA:

121302237 121325394(aicda)

ARUT:

117409992 117410177 117424122 117425258 117966747

PSEX:

120534980(aicda)

LCM:	102350911(AICDA)

CPLA:

122545864(aicda)

LERI:

129715418(aicda)

LRJ:	133339037 133357154

CSEC:

117282297

GAE:

121386316

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:12799424]

Authors

Sohail A, Klapacz J, Samaranayake M, Ullah A, Bhagwat AS

Title

Human activation-induced cytidine deaminase causes transcription-dependent, strand-biased C to U deaminations.

Journal

Nucleic Acids Res 31:2990-4 (2003)
DOI:10.1093/nar/gkg464

Reference

2 [PMID:17060445]

Authors

Larijani M, Petrov AP, Kolenchenko O, Berru M, Krylov SN, Martin A

Title

AID associates with single-stranded DNA with high affinity and a long complex half-life in a sequence-independent manner.

Journal

Mol Cell Biol 27:20-30 (2007)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.00824-06

Reference

3 [PMID:17889624]

Authors

Brar SS, Sacho EJ, Tessmer I, Croteau DL, Erie DA, Diaz M

Title

Activation-induced deaminase, AID, is catalytically active as a monomer on single-stranded DNA.

Journal

DNA Repair (Amst) 7:77-87 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.08.002

Reference

4 [PMID:17893327]

Authors

Larijani M, Martin A

Title

Single-stranded DNA structure and positional context of the target cytidine determine the enzymatic efficiency of AID.

Journal

Mol Cell Biol 27:8038-48 (2007)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.01046-07

Reference

5 [PMID:19766322]

Authors

Verma S, Goldammer T, Aitken R

Title

Cloning and expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase from Bos taurus.

Journal

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:151-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.016

Sequence

[bta:539888]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

3.5.4.38

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

3.5.4.38

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

3.5.4.38

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

3.5.4.38

DBGET integrated database retrieval system