KEGG   ENZYME: 4.2.3.120
Entry
EC 4.2.3.120                Enzyme                                 
Name
(-)-beta-pinene synthase;
beta-geraniolene synthase;
(-)-(1S,5S)-pinene synthase;
geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase (pinene forming)
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-oxygen lyases;
Acting on phosphates
Sysname
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (-)-beta-pinene-forming]
Reaction(IUBMB)
geranyl diphosphate = (-)-beta-pinene + diphosphate [RN:R05766]
Reaction(KEGG)
R05766
Substrate
geranyl diphosphate [CPD:C00341]
Product
(-)-beta-pinene [CPD:C06307];
diphosphate [CPD:C00013]
Comment
Cyclase II of Salvia officinalis (sage) produces about equal parts (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-camphene, plus traces of other monoterpenoids. The enzyme, which requires Mg2+ (preferred to Mn2+), can also use (3S)-Linalyl diphosphate (preferred to (3R)-linalyl diphosphate) [1-4]. The enzyme from Abies grandis (grand fir) produces roughly equal parts of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene [6-9]. Cyclase IV from Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) produces 63% (-)-beta-pinene, 26% 3-carene, and traces of alpha-pinene [10]. Synthase III from Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) forms (-)-beta-pinene with traces of alpha-pinene and requires Mn2+ and K+ (Mg2+ is ineffective) [11]. A cloned enzyme from Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) gave (-)-beta-pinene with traces of (-)-alpha-pinene [5]. The enzyme from Picea sitchensis (Sika spruce) forms 30% (-)-beta-pinene and 70% (-)-alpha-pinene [12]. See also EC 4.2.3.119, (-)-alpha-pinene synthase, EC 4.2.3.117, (-)-camphene synthase, and EC 4.2.3.107 (+)-3-carene synthase.
History
EC 4.2.3.120 created 2012
Pathway
ec00902  Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K07384  (-)-alpha/(-)-beta-pinene synthase
K22050  (-)-beta-pinene synthase
Reference
1  [PMID:3314988]
  Authors
Croteau RB, Wheeler CJ, Cane DE, Ebert R, Ha HJ
  Title
Isotopically sensitive branching in the formation of cyclic monoterpenes: proof that (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene are synthesized by the same monoterpene cyclase via deprotonation of a common intermediate.
  Journal
Biochemistry 26:5383-9 (1987)
DOI:10.1021/bi00391a025
Reference
2  [PMID:2768265]
  Authors
Croteau R, Satterwhite DM
  Title
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Stereochemical implications of acyclic and monocyclic olefin formation by (+)- and (-)-pinene cyclases from sage.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 264:15309-15 (1989)
Reference
3  [PMID:3392006]
  Authors
Croteau R, Satterwhite DM, Cane DE, Chang CC
  Title
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of  (+)- and (-)-linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-pinene and (+)- and (-)-camphene.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 263:10063-71 (1988)
Reference
4  [PMID:8109979]
  Authors
Pyun HJ, Wagschal KC, Jung DI, Coates RM, Croteau R
  Title
Stereochemistry of the proton elimination in the formation of (+)- and (-)-alpha-pinene by monoterpene cyclases from sage (Salvia officinalis).
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 308:488-96 (1994)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1994.1069
Reference
5  [PMID:12226526]
  Authors
Lu S, Xu R, Jia JW, Pang J, Matsuda SP, Chen XY
  Title
Cloning and functional characterization of a beta-pinene synthase from Artemisia annua that shows a circadian pattern of expression.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 130:477-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1104/pp.006544
  Sequence
Reference
6  [PMID:1898071]
  Authors
Gijzen M, Lewinsohn E, Croteau R.
  Title
Characterization of the constitutive and wound-inducible monoterpene cyclases of grand fir (Abies grandis).
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 289:267-73 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(91)90471-T
Reference
7  [PMID:1731633]
  Authors
Lewinsohn E, Gijzen M, Croteau R
  Title
Wound-inducible pinene cyclase from grand fir: purification, characterization, and renaturation after SDS-PAGE.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 293:167-73 (1992)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90380-F
Reference
8  [PMID:9268308]
  Authors
Bohlmann J, Steele CL, Croteau R
  Title
Monoterpene synthases from grand fir (Abies grandis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of myrcene synthase, (-)-(4S)-limonene synthase, and (-)-(1S,5S)-pinene synthase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 272:21784-92 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.35.21784
  Sequence
Reference
9  [PMID:15978541]
  Authors
Hyatt DC, Croteau R
  Title
Mutational analysis of a monoterpene synthase reaction: altered catalysis through directed mutagenesis of (-)-pinene synthase from Abies grandis.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 439:222-33 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.017
Reference
10 [PMID:7625832]
  Authors
Savage TJ, Ichii H, Hume SD, Little DB, Croteau R
  Title
Monoterpene synthases from gymnosperms and angiosperms: stereospecificity and inactivation by cysteinyl- and arginyl-directed modifying reagents.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 320:257-65 (1995)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(95)90008-X
Reference
11 [PMID:10562434]
  Authors
Phillips MA, Savage TJ, Croteau R
  Title
Monoterpene synthases of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) produce pinene isomers and enantiomers.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 372:197-204 (1999)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1467
Reference
12 [PMID:12970502]
  Authors
McKay SA, Hunter WL, Godard KA, Wang SX, Martin DM, Bohlmann J, Plant AL
  Title
Insect attack and wounding induce traumatic resin duct development and gene expression of (-)-pinene synthase in Sitka spruce.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 133:368-78 (2003)
DOI:10.1104/pp.103.022723
  Sequence
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 4.2.3.120
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 4.2.3.120
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 4.2.3.120
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 4.2.3.120

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