KEGG   ENZYME: 5.1.2.1
Entry
EC 5.1.2.1                  Enzyme                                 
Name
lactate racemase;
lacticoracemase;
hydroxyacid racemase;
lactic acid racemase;
larA (gene name)
Class
Isomerases;
Racemases and epimerases;
Acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
Sysname
lactate racemase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(S)-lactate = (R)-lactate [RN:R01450]
Reaction(KEGG)
R01450
Substrate
(S)-lactate [CPD:C00186]
Product
(R)-lactate [CPD:C00256]
Comment
The enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum and appears to be restricted to lactic acid bacteria. It contains a unique nickel-containing cofactor, pyridinium-3-thioamide-5-thiocarboxylate mononucleotide Ni pincer complex.
History
EC 5.1.2.1 created 1961
Pathway
ec00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K22373  lactate racemase
Genes
TCIA7K98_01695
THIPN838_27825
GAIIMCC3135_06230
KUSB9G99_09405
KMAB9H00_05445
KUYFY550_02760(larA)
SUTTSUTMEG_10650
SUTKFG381_12150(larA)
SWSI6J16_06235(larA)
BBAYA4V04_07910
KAIK32_38480
PCAXAFIC_000924
STARG3545_21865(larA)
SNOSnov_3500
ANCGBB76_11570(larA)
SDOSD1155_05785
PALSPAF20_06300
RMTIAI58_08815(larA)
LCKHN018_13435(larA)
SKTIGS68_04140(larA)
WSUWS0140
CCVCCV52592_1720
CCOCCC13826_1001
CGRACGRAC_1985
CSPFCSF_0738
CRXCRECT_2010
CMUCCMCT_0037
CSHOCSHOW_0341
SDLSdel_1277
SBASulba_1329
SMULSMUL_1678
SHALSHALO_1633
SULSSdiek1_1724
SULJSJPD1_1640
SULTFA592_00735(larA)
GSUGSU3295
GSKKN400_3236(larA)
GMEGmet_3244(larA)
GPIGPICK_14895
GBZJZM60_04230(larA)
GEMGM21_0578
GEBGM18_3791
GEFFO488_03245(larA)
GURGura_0647
GEOGeob_0833(larA)
GBMGbem_0565(larA)
GBNGEOBRER4_05710
GERKP004_02095(larA)
GSUBKP001_13395(larA)
GNTKP003_01730(larA)
GPLM1B72_18880(larA)
GSBGSUB_14505
DEUDBW_3378
DVEDESUT3_26500 DESUT3_37470
DEPAOP6_2516
DESDSOUD_0135 DSOUD_3351
DDSDdes_2379
DPGDESPIGER_1041
DEFCNY67_15465
DTRRSDT_0048
DMSE8L03_03240 E8L03_07390(larA) E8L03_07525(larA) E8L03_13185(larA)
DVMDvMF_1997
CLIHKPS_002238(larA)
DBADbac_2152
DRTDret_2326
DLMDPPLL_00670
DPRDespr_1964
DEOCAY53_05360
DBKDGMP_21950
DOLDole_2523
DATHRM2_08470 HRM2_30760 HRM2_32350
DTOTOL2_C11320
DALKDSCA_62740
DLIdnl_13570
DTIDesti_3261 Desti_3663
DBRDeba_0774
ADEAdeh_0469
ACPA2cp1_0497
AFWAnae109_0509 Anae109_3618
ANKAnaeK_0502
VINAKJ08_0384
SCLsce8293
SCUSCE1572_48395
CCROCMC5_006190
PAUUE8A73_012620
LLUAKJ09_00962
HOHHoch_6889
PCAYFRD00_13710
BWHA9C19_14225
PKSIE339_23290(larA)
OCNCUC15_15445
OONNP440_05835(larA)
HMNHM131_18335
HLIHLI_15685
HNZP9989_17280(larA)
VNTOLD84_14460(larA)
VIKKFZ58_14420(larA)
FECQNH15_22360(larA)
MSEMGMB29_14305(larA)
BLENNCTC4824_00688
STEAC0679_13190
SERSERP0256
SEPSE_0374
SEPPSEB_00296
SEPSDP17_1681
SSPSSP0177
SPASSTP1_1688
SXYBE24_11075
SXLSXYLSMQ121_0203
SXOSXYL_00202
SCAPAYP1020_2355
SEQOSE1039_23800
SNLBJD96_01305
SKLC7J89_02930
SCARDWB96_11230(larA)
SARLSAP2_03250
SLLOISP08_01750(larA)
SPSDJMB28_01555(larA)
STASHYI43_10710(larA)
SURYMUA21_11740(larA)
SEDAMNY58_01100(larA)
SCAQQMO72_01220(larA)
SDEVQ2T90_08315(larA)
STAPAOB58_2013
BCOPJD108_19120(larA)
BHUILOK74_12340(larA)
BBORRFB14_03770(larA)
BRUMNDK47_22980(larA)
PMSKNP414_00185
PMQPM3016_169
PMWB2K_00860
PNPIJ22_20540 IJ22_40950
PPSCEHS13_08180(larA)
SLATJ4854_09215(larA)
LPLlp_0104(larA)
LPJJDM1_0105
LPTzj316_0313(larA)
LPSLPST_C0085
LPRLBP_cg0087
LPZLp16_0097
LPBSH83_00445
LPXASU28_03250
LPGBB562_00435
LARGLPA65_00475(larA)
LFELAF_1733
LFRLC40_1101
LFFLBFF_1915
LNGBSQ50_05835 BSQ50_10060
LHWBSQ49_00445 BSQ49_08390
LMALLM596_00640(larA)
LBRLVIS_1849
LBKLVISKB_1832
LZYLZ3411_1663
LSUAH3M12_11165(larA)
LBTAYR52_09980
LCYLC20004_11480
LNNF0161_06435(larA)
LPDAYR62_03140
PPEPEPE_1694
PPENT256_08335
PCEPECL_1783
LFMLF20184_00555
LSALCA_0784
LCVFBA2_04095
LGMLG542_05685(larA) LG542_08135(larA)
WCOG7084_07440(larA)
EFIOG1RF_11545
EGVEGCR1_11160(larA) EGCR1_12070(larA)
ESGEsVE80_25550(larA)
GADK8O88_05645(larA)
GEGLK443_03365(larA)
CACCA_C0769
CAESMB_G0785
CAYCEA_G0780
CBOCBO1006
CBACLB_1046 CLB_1749 CLB_1959
CBHCLC_1059 CLC_1756 CLC_1964
CBYCLM_1161 CLM_1971 CLM_2236
CBLCLK_0446 CLK_1196 CLK_1472
CBBCLD_2606 CLD_2826 CLD_3560
CBICLJ_B1051 CLJ_B1992 CLJ_B2223
CBFCLI_1088 CLI_1809 CLI_2085
CBMCBF_1058 CBF_1788 CBF_2071
CBJH04402_01079 H04402_01809 H04402_02048
CBECbei_1241 Cbei_2495
CBZCbs_1241 Cbs_2495
CBEILF65_01370 LF65_03034
CLJCLJU_c04620 CLJU_c15560 CLJU_c21600
CLSCXIVA_03220
CSRCspa_c08140 Cspa_c41030
CPASClopa_3455 Clopa_4785
CPATCLPA_c14440 CLPA_c39300
CPAECPAST_c14440 CPAST_c39300
CSBCLSA_c21500 CLSA_c25170
CAHCAETHG_0247(larA) CAETHG_2534(larA)
CBVU729_1766
CSQCSCA_0186 CSCA_1172 CSCA_2486
CLDCLSPO_c18050 CLSPO_c20260
CACECACET_c19130 CACET_c28160
CCKCcar_02270 Ccar_08460 Ccar_13575
CBUTATN24_08795
CTYKCTK_C04960 CTK_C15740
CEUA7L45_05825 A7L45_10330
CFMBJL90_04475 BJL90_04880 BJL90_20900
CDRKB9W14_07265 B9W14_12925 B9W14_17625
CDYF3K33_06655(larA) F3K33_12750(larA)
CFERD4Z93_07485(larA)
CLOSDMR38_01940(larA) DMR38_07880(larA) DMR38_11140(larA)
CRWCROST_013110(larA_1)
CFBCLFE_035370(larA_1)
CAUNCLAUR_015940(larA_1)
CNNCNEO_0878
CGELpsyc5s11_17900
CTAGLL095_05940(larA)
CINTHZF06_13695(larA)
CALEFDN13_09935(larA)
CPRFK7H06_04190(larA) K7H06_11790(larA)
SARJHH195_01230(larA)
HHJNQ487_22225
CLOHMPREF0868_0017 HMPREF0868_1179
RBPB6259_01775
CTHDCDO33_08875
FPLAA4U99_00760 A4U99_01145 A4U99_17970
RGVNQ502_09740(larA)
CLFGJQ69_08650(larA)
SVJNQ490_04740
PETRQKW49_09620 QKW49_13160(larA) QKW49_13375
CAPREQM14_03615(larA) EQM14_05775(larA) EQM14_14935
CFEMHCR03_11700(larA) HCR03_17080
INTRX717_01470(larA)
STHSTH1673
SLPSlip_1088
SALQSYNTR_0821
DSYDSY1506 DSY3250 DSY3881
DHDDhaf_1524 Dhaf_2636 Dhaf_4417
DDHDesde_1424 Desde_3796
DDLDesdi_0660 Desdi_1493 Desdi_3122
DMTDESME_07920 DESME_14015
DORDesor_0768 Desor_0905
DAIDesaci_0971 Desaci_3505
DMIDesmer_0789
DCADesca_2368
DRUDesru_3370
DFGB0537_03680
DAEDtox_0989
TFRBR63_00520(larA) BR63_04385(larA) BR63_06065(larA) BR63_07955(larA) BR63_17640(larA)
FWADCMF_00425 DCMF_09370 DCMF_23090 DCMF_25220
AACXDEACI_1409 DEACI_1990 DEACI_3890
TJRTherJR_1764
DGIDesgi_3678
HMOHM1_1638
ELMELI_3629
EMTCPZ25_007450(larA) CPZ25_018600(larA)
ELIMB2M23_08290
AWOAwo_c08750
AWICHL1_002905(larA)
ACAEHYG86_03175(larA) HYG86_12500(larA)
CTHMCFE_0513
IBUIB211_02523
BPRSCK3_17920
CCTCC1_10800 CC1_13270 CC1_25140
BYLA4V09_20600
BHANCGC63_04500
BLAUDQQ01_12000
BPROPMF13cell1_01339
BLIQINP51_04045(larA)
BWXNQ550_21375
BLARLC508_21035
BCOCBLCOC_52620
BHVBLHYD_28960
LACYA4V08_21605
LXAOW255_07585(larA)
ARFAR1Y2_1980
ACACEYQ97_07915(larA)
EHLEHLA_0978 EHLA_2288
CBOLCGC65_04965 CGC65_25545
CASPNQ535_22360(larA) NQ535_28170(larA)
WHJH9Q79_12920(larA)
MFORNQ534_17810
LBWC3V36_06140
VGUHYG85_11025
VPYHZI73_08160
AMTAmet_0538 Amet_0564 Amet_3746 Amet_3891
GFEGferi_15480 Gferi_16545 Gferi_25290
PBIFKXZ80_10400(larA)
PSORRSJ16_12235
CDFCD630_11700
PDCCDIF630_01318(larA)
CDCCD196_1029
CDLCDR20291_1007
PDFCD630DERM_11700
ROCHF520_02155(larA) HF520_09665(larA)
TEMJW646_00650(larA) JW646_19840(larA)
TGCL0P85_07685(larA) L0P85_08495(larA)
TMYTEMA_15070(larA_2)
TEBT8CH_1820(larA) T8CH_P0002(larA)
THYRP4S50_08250(larA)
IBRNQ514_06190(larA)
CHYCHY_0066
TPZTph_c27620
GEKkuro4_26820 kuro4_27890
TTMTthe_1662 Tthe_2432
TTOThethe_01669 Thethe_02491
TXYThexy_2106
TSHTsac_0232
MASMahau_0818 Mahau_2706
MTHOMOTHE_c19640
MTHZMOTHA_c20430
TEPTepRe1_2020 TepRe1_2272
TAETepiRe1_2177 TepiRe1_2442
TOCToce_2224
HASHalsa_0022 Halsa_0182
HALSD7D81_01335(larA)
IFNGM661_15515(larA) GM661_16585(larA) GM661_17395(larA)
AARAcear_1200 Acear_1480 Acear_1799
HHLHalha_1682
AFTBBF96_00240
KMEH0A61_01053(larA)
APRApre_1605
AMEILV469_08835(larA)
VPRVpar_0984
VATB7L28_04765 B7L28_09095
VRM44547418_01867 44547418_01869
MEDMELS_0101 MELS_0248 MELS_2220
MHWACT01_04720 ACT01_04765 ACT01_13720
MEGDKB62_09640(larA) DKB62_09710(larA)
MMAXLCQ47_05050(larA) LCQ47_09450(larA) LCQ47_10510(larA)
DHODia5BBH33_12760 Dia5BBH33_19080 Dia5BBH33_19140
SSGSelsp_1967
SRISELR_22070
PUFUFO1_0449 UFO1_0992 UFO1_3616
PFTJBW_03255 JBW_03458 JBW_04109
MANAMAMMFC1_01152
STEDSPTER_02930(larA_1) SPTER_02940(larA_2) SPTER_29180(larA_3) SPTER_36590(larA_4) SPTER_38540(larA_5) SPTER_42080(larA_6) SPTER_47210(larA_7)
AINAcin_0508
PFACPFJ30894_00646 PFJ30894_01797 PFJ30894_01798 PFJ30894_01799
LCGL3BBH23_08110
CALKHUE98_15195(larA)
OLOADJ70_04050
PCATPcatena_02010 Pcatena_04900(larA)
ATBJ4859_03060(larA)
CAERCSV91_09285
CSTCLK434_09320
SHIShel_26900
EYYEGYY_10820
DDTAAY81_03870
CGSC624_12130
CGGC629_12135
CMDB841_10445
CUTCUTER_10165
CCJZccrud_11070
CRLNCTC7448_00758
CCYSSAMEA4530656_2500
ROAPd630_LPD01932
SRCM271_02645
SCWTU94_27840
STRCAA958_29850
SLEsle_12250(sle_12250)
SNZDC008_00260(larA)
SGEDWG14_08157
SBYH7H31_31745
SROIIAG44_41880(larA)
ABRYNYE86_22800(larA)
SUBTKPL76_02860
SUBALQ955_13690
BFABfae_31130
BRXBH708_12760
BRVCFK39_07900
BGGCFK41_00395
BRZCFK38_03115
BSAUDWV08_13405
BRRC1N80_03095
BKIM4486_13675
BRHANLU66_03455
BHHBra3105_10790
DVADAD186_03270
DJJCOP05_09065
DHMCYJ49_004200
SERJSGUI_3207
ORNDV701_00870
MPHMLP_08790
MIKFOE78_00135
MICGGJV80_05055 GJV80_17720(larA)
PROPQQ658_01185(larA)
BROObrsh051_19250
NCANoca_2000
NDKI601_3706
NANOG5V58_08380
NMESH9L09_09285(larA)
NCQK6T13_00410
NPSKRR39_16430(larA)
KFLKfla_3040 Kfla_5672
KQIF1D05_12580 F1D05_35600
KSLOG809_22250(larA) OG809_28225
ACTWF7P10_09280
ACTQOG417_13235(larA)
NOWGBF35_28965(larA)
MHAIOHB01_32395(larA)
FREFranean1_4168
FSYFsymDg_2368
FRIFraEuI1c_3661
GOBGobs_1559
MMARMODMU_4034
AMDAMED_3084
AMNRAM_15685
AMMAMES_3050
AMZB737_3051
PDXPsed_1167
PSEQAD006_19155
PECQAD017_26995
LEDBBK82_39260
ASEACPL_3390
ACTSACWT_3262
PFLAPflav_037390 Pflav_042920
PSUUPsuf_089100
ATLAthai_25870 Athai_48400
ASERAsera_48820
CATICS0771_15370
DFUDfulv_21185(larA)
NHYJQS43_25630
CAICaci_4917
AUOR3I39_01085(larA)
FLHEJ997_03650
RXYRxyl_2107
RRDRradSPS_1895
RUBGBA63_00755(larA)
ATQGH723_08325
AQZKSP35_02555
ARPNIES39_D07030
LFSHFV01_22255
RRSRoseRS_3215
RCARcas_2707
ATMANT_08010 ANT_14630
ABATCFX1CAM_1597 CFX1CAM_1615
PSUBPelsub_P0895 Pelsub_P1751
ABAOBEQ56_08965
FPESNXS98_15595(larA)
AHELQ31a_07780
LCREPla8534_27880
AAGGETAA8_10930
SMAMMal15_45880
SNEPEnr13x_10320
TTFTHTE_0387
PLMPlim_2304
PEHSpb1_30800
PLHVT85_00735
FMRFuma_01714
MRIMal4_29820
SDYNMal52_00070 Mal52_03920
PLONPla110_37150
ACAFCA12_08840
SVPPan189_16930
CHYAV22_12450
CCOSPan44_54880
TIMGMBLW1_02940
LRSPX52LOC_01348
TSPHKIH39_12010(larA)
IPAIsop_0004 Isop_3476
SACISinac_0264
PBORBSF38_03005
AGVOJF2_22940 OJF2_36800
PHMPSMK_06850
MCADPan265_04660
ALUSSTSP2_03208
VBCC5Q97_07830
TPITREPR_0391
TSKHRI97_00845(larA)
SSMSpirs_0988
SBUSpiBuddy_0573 SpiBuddy_1629
SGPSpiGrapes_3097 SpiGrapes_3132
SASSMUG09_09155(larA)
SCCSpico_0088
BHCJFL75_07435(larA) JFL75_18870 JFL75_19815(larA)
ACMAciX9_2432
GRWFTO74_07765(larA)
PFERIRI77_17200(larA)
ACOAmico_0225 Amico_1225 Amico_1304 Amico_1664
TLITlie_1863
AMOAnamo_1373 Anamo_1831
ARAMKAR29_01210(larA)
TNACTN_1547
TTATheth_1382
PHYAJ81_05040 AJ81_07575
PMOPmob_0129
KOLKole_0994
KPFIX53_05900
MPGTheba_2686
MINFMESINF_1531
ASACATHSA_0239
DDFDEFDS_2142
DAPDacet_2441
GTLEP073_01200(larA)
CNICalni_1796
FSIFlexsi_0638
CABYCabys_1100
DTUDtur_0486
NDENIDE0743
SCHVBRCON_1196
FSHQ2T83_08950
AFGAFULGI_00000430
MBYMSBRM_1049 MSBRM_1050 MSBRM_1051
MBWMSBRW_1016 MSBRW_1017 MSBRW_1018
MBARMSBR2_1360 MSBR2_1361 MSBR2_1362
MBAKMSBR3_1383 MSBR3_1385 MSBR3_1386
MACMA_1312 MA_1313
MMAMM_2302 MM_2303
MMAZMmTuc01_2350
MMJMSMAS_2397 MSMAS_2398
MMACMSMAC_2049 MSMAC_2050
MVCMSVAZ_2492 MSVAZ_2493 MSVAZ_2494
MEKMSKOL_2504 MSKOL_2505 MSKOL_2506
MLSMSLAZ_0998
METMMSMTP_0806 MSMTP_0807
MEFMSWH1_2255 MSWH1_2256
MEQMSWHS_2817 MSWHS_2818
MSJMSSAC_0981 MSSAC_0982
MSZMSSIH_0883 MSSIH_0884
MSWMSSIT_0917 MSSIT_0918
MTHRMSTHT_0973 MSTHT_0974 MSTHT_0975
MTHEMSTHC_2331 MSTHC_2332 MSTHC_2333
MHORMSHOH_3039 MSHOH_3040
MFZAOB57_011605(larA) AOB57_011610(larA) AOB57_011615(larA)
MBUMbur_0954
MMETMCMEM_1456
MELOJ7W08_06025(larA)
MMHMmah_0722
MHAZBHR79_10080
MPOTBKM01_09780
MEVMetev_1526
MZHMzhil_0712
MPYMpsy_1273
MZIHWN40_02275(larA)
MMAVRE476_07935(larA)
MSEBRE474_04520(larA)
MHZMetho_1305
MTPMthe_0752
MCJMCON_0092
MHIMhar_1142
MPDMCP_0283
MEZMtc_1545
RCIRCIX1757
SALIL593_03130
NHOHWV23_01170
NSALHWV07_01515
HUTHuta_0453
HTIHTIA_0288
HALAHrd1104_03630
HASVSVXHr_1121(larA)
HABNHBNXHr_1110(larA)
HALIBV210_01555
HSNDV733_15710
HRRHZS55_17910
HPELHZS54_21050
HLTI7X12_17790
HARCHARCEL1_07035
HMEHFX_2777
HAQDU484_11005
HAJDU500_11270
HTUHtur_2912
HSALJMJ58_13875
HAKZJ0X25_01200
HALYHYG82_10025
NOUNatoc_2745
TARTALC_01392
MAXMMALV_14900
MERMMINT_02460
MEARMpt1_c00310(hdrD1)
MARCAR505_0167
KCRKcr_0555 Kcr_1492
BARCAOA65_1656
BARBAOA66_1617
LOKILokiarch_21910 Lokiarch_28170 Lokiarch_29640
LOBNEF87_001765
PSYTDSAG12_01759 DSAG12_03786
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:14800428]
  Authors
HUENNEKENS FM, MAHLER HR, NORDMANN J.
  Title
Studies on the cyclophorase system. XVII. The occurrence and properties of an alpha-hydroxy acid racemose.
  Journal
Arch Biochem 30:77-89 (1951)
Reference
2
  Authors
Kitahara, K., Obayashi, A. and Fukui, S.
  Title
Racemase I cell-free racemase.
  Journal
Enzymologia 15:259-266 (1953)
Reference
3  [PMID:16166538]
  Authors
Goffin P, Deghorain M, Mainardi JL, Tytgat I, Champomier-Verges MC, Kleerebezem M, Hols P
  Title
Lactate racemization as a rescue pathway for supplying D-lactate to the cell wall biosynthesis machinery in Lactobacillus plantarum.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:6750-61 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.19.6750-6761.2005
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
4  [PMID:24710389]
  Authors
Desguin B, Goffin P, Viaene E, Kleerebezem M, Martin-Diaconescu V, Maroney MJ, Declercq JP, Soumillion P, Hols P
  Title
Lactate racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme activated by a widespread maturation system.
  Journal
Nat Commun 5:3615 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms4615
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
5  [PMID:26138974]
  Authors
Desguin B, Zhang T, Soumillion P, Hols P, Hu J, Hausinger RP
  Title
METALLOPROTEINS. A tethered niacin-derived pincer complex with a nickel-carbon bond in lactate racemase.
  Journal
Science 349:66-9 (2015)
DOI:10.1126/science.aab2272
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
6  [PMID:28374531]
  Authors
Yu MJ, Chen SL
  Title
From NAD+ to Nickel Pincer Complex: A Significant Cofactor Evolution Presented by Lactate Racemase.
  Journal
Chemistry 23:7545-7557 (2017)
DOI:10.1002/chem.201700405
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 5.1.2.1
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 5.1.2.1
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1
CAS: 9024-05-9

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