PMID:
     20056129
Authors:
     Wainwright DA, Xin J, Mesnard NA, Sanders VM, Jones KJ.
Title:
     Toll-like receptor 2 and facial motoneuron survival after facial nerve axotomy.
Journal:
     Neurosci Lett. 2010 Feb 26;471(1):10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.076. Epub 
Abstract:
     We have previously demonstrated that CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytes are required to 
     rescue facial motoneuron (FMN) survival after facial nerve axotomy through 
     interaction with peripheral antigen presenting cells, as well as CNS resident 
     microglia. Furthermore, the innate immune molecule, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), 
     has been implicated in the development of Th2-type immune responses and can be 
     activated by intracellular components released by dead or dying cells. The role 
     of TLR2 in the FMN response to axotomy was explored in this study, using a model 
     of facial nerve axotomy at the stylomastoid foramen in the mouse, in which 
     blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability does not occur. After facial nerve 
     axotomy, TLR2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in the facial motor nucleus and 
     co-immunofluorescence localized TLR2 to CD68(+) microglia, but not GFAP(+) 
     astrocytes. Using TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice, it was determined that TLR2 
     does not affect FMN survival levels after axotomy. These data contribute to 
     understanding the role of innate immunity after FMN death and may be relevant to 
     motoneuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

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