PMID:
     20179699
Authors:
     Mahadeva S, Yadav H, Rampal S, Goh KL.
Title:
     Risk factors associated with dyspepsia in a rural Asian population and its impact 
     on quality of life.
Journal:
     Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):904-12. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.26. Epub 2010 
Abstract:
     OBJECTIVES: The epidemiology and impact of dyspepsia in rural Asia remains 
     uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence epidemiology and impact of 
     dyspepsia in a rural Malaysian community. METHODS: A door-to-door survey was 
     conducted in a representative rural population in Malaysia. Dyspepsia was defined 
     according to the Rome II criteria, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was 
     assessed using the Euroqol (EQ-5D) instrument. RESULTS: Of 2,260 adults, 2,000 
     (88.5%) completed the survey. The mean age of respondents was 40.4+/-15.3 years, 
     62.7% were women, 79.0% were ethnic Malays, 8.4% had been educated up to the 
     tertiary level, 49.7% were unemployed, and 63.4% resided in village-type housing 
     with 49.1% having >8 residents per household. Dyspepsia was prevalent in 292 
     (14.6%) adults, and they had lower mean EQ-5D utility scores compared with 
     healthy controls (0.91+/-0.17 vs. 0.97+/-0.08, P<0.0001). Dyspepsia was found to 
     be associated with female gender (15.8 vs. 12.7% males, P=0.058), Chinese 
     ethnicity (19.7 vs. 14.2% non-Chinese), higher education levels, medium-range 
     incomes (19.1% medium range vs. 13.3% low range), non-village-type housing (16.3 
     vs. 13.5% village-type house, P=0.08), nonsmokers (18.7 vs. 13.7%, P=0.015), 
     non-tea drinkers (19.5 vs. 12.3%, P<0.0001), regular analgesia intake (27 vs. 
     12.7%, P<0.0001), and adults with chronic illness (26.6 vs. 11.1%, P<0.0001). 
     Logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of education, i.e., 
     secondary (odds ratio (OR) 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.15-3.93) and 
     tertiary (2.70, 95% CI=1.30-5.62) education, non-village housing (OR 1.36, 95% 
     CI=1.02-1.80), regular analgesia (OR 2.22, 95% CI=1.60-3.09), and chronic illness 
     (OR 2.83, 95% CI=2.12-3.77) were independent risk factors for dyspepsia. 
     Conversely, regular tea drinking (OR 0.59) seemed to have an inverse 
     relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Dyspepsia in rural Malaysians is associated with a 
     lower HRQOL. Epidemiological risk factors include a higher socioeconomic status, 
     regular analgesic consumption, and chronic illness.

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