KEGG   PATHWAY: map00311
Entry
map00311                    Pathway                                
Name
Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis
Description
Penicillins (Penams) and cephalosporins (cephems) are beta-lactam antibiotics containing 6-aminopenicillanate (6-APA) and 7-aminocephalosporanate (7-ACA) nuclei, respectively. 6-APA and 7-ACA are key intermediates for a variety of semisynthetic penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives. Penicillins are produced only by fungi, while cephalosporins (including cephamycins) are produced by fungi and bacteria. Both antibiotics are synthesized from L-2-aminoadipate, L-cysteine and L-valine through a common pathway. It starts with the condensation of these three amino acids by the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase to form the tripeptide delta-(L-2-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV). The linear ACV tripeptide is then converted to bicyclic isopenicillin N by isopenicillin N synthase, in which the beta-lactam ring is formed. Isopenicillin N is the branch point of penicillin [MD:M00672] and cephalosporin [MD:M00673] pathways.
Class
Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Pathway map
map00311  Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis
map00311

Module
M00672  Penicillin biosynthesis, aminoadipate + cycteine + valine => penicillin [PATH:map00311]
M00673  Cephamycin C biosynthesis, aminoadipate + cycteine + valine => cephamycin C [PATH:map00311]
Other DBs
GO: 0042318 0043646
Reference
  Authors
Michal G.
  Title
Biochemical Pathways
  Journal
Wiley (1999)
Related
pathway
map00310  Lysine degradation
map07011  Penicillins
map07012  Cephalosporins - parenteral agents
KO pathway
ko00311   

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