KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bpec00010 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bpec00010 bpec01200 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bpec00010 bpec00020 bpec01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bpec00010 bpec00020 bpec00620 bpec00785 bpec01200 bpec01210 bpec01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bpec00020 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bpec00020 bpec01200 bpec01210 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bpec00020 bpec01200 bpec01210 bpec01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bpec00030 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:bpec00030 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bpec00030 bpec01200 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:bpec00030 bpec00230 bpec01200 bpec01230 bpec01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bpec00040 bpec01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bpec00052 bpec01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bpec00500 bpec01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bpec00500 bpec01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:bpec00520 bpec01250 bpec01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:bpec00520 bpec00052 bpec01250 bpec01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bpec00520 bpec01250 bpec01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bpec00280 bpec00630 bpec00640 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bpec00562 bpec01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bpec00562 bpec01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bpec00562 bpec01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bpec00190 bpec01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bpec00061 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bpec00061 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bpec00062 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bpec00062 bpec01040 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bpec00061 bpec00071 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bpec00071 bpec01212 bpec01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bpec01040 bpec01212 bpec01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:bpec00100 bpec01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00100 bpec01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:bpec00140 bpec01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:bpec00140 bpec01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:bpec00140 bpec01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bpec00140 bpec01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00561 bpec01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bpec00561 bpec01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bpec00564 bpec01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bpec00564 bpec01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bpec00564 bpec01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00600 bpec01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00600 bpec01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:bpec00600 bpec00565 bpec01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00600 bpec01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bpec00600 bpec01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01232 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01232 bpec01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bpec00230 bpec00240 bpec01232 bpec01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01232 bpec01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01232 bpec01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:bpec00230 bpec01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bpec00240 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bpec00240 bpec01232 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bpec00240 bpec01232 bpec01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bpec00240 bpec00410 bpec00770 bpec01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bpec00260 bpec01200 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bpec00260 bpec00630 bpec00785 bpec01200 bpec01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bpec00260 bpec01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bpec00260 bpec01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bpec00260 bpec00270 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bpec00270 bpec01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bpec00280 bpec01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:bpec00310 bpec01210 bpec01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bpec00220 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:bpec00220 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bpec00330 bpec01230 bpec01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bpec00330 bpec01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bpec00330 bpec01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:bpec00330 bpec00260 bpec01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bpec00330 bpec01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:bpec00330 bpec01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bpec00340 bpec01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:bpec00350 bpec01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:bpec00350 bpec01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bpec00350 bpec01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:bpec00380 bpec01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:bpec00380 bpec01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bpec00250 bpec00650 bpec01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bpec00480 bpec01240 bpec01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:bpec00510 bpec01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bpec00510 bpec01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:bpec00510 bpec01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:bpec00515 bpec01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:bpec00601 bpec01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:bpec00601 bpec01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:bpec00604 bpec01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bpec00532 bpec00534 bpec01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:bpec00532 bpec01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bpec00534 bpec01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:bpec00531 bpec01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:bpec00531 bpec01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:bpec00531 bpec01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:bpec00531 bpec01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bpec00380 bpec00760 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bpec00770 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:bpec00785 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bpec00785 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bpec00790 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bpec00790 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bpec00670 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bpec00860 bpec01240 bpec01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:bpec00130 bpec01240 bpec01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bpec00900 bpec01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bpec00900 bpec01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity