KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cjc00010 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cjc00010 cjc01200 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cjc00010 cjc00020 cjc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cjc00010 cjc00020 cjc00620 cjc00785 cjc01200 cjc01210 cjc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cjc00020 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cjc00020 cjc01200 cjc01210 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cjc00020 cjc01200 cjc01210 cjc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cjc00030 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cjc00030 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cjc00030 cjc01200 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cjc00030 cjc00230 cjc01200 cjc01230 cjc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cjc00040 cjc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cjc00052 cjc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cjc00500 cjc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cjc00500 cjc01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cjc00520 cjc01250 cjc01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cjc00520 cjc00052 cjc01250 cjc01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cjc00520 cjc01250 cjc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cjc00280 cjc00630 cjc00640 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cjc00562 cjc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cjc00562 cjc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cjc00562 cjc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cjc00190 cjc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cjc00061 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cjc00061 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cjc00061 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cjc00062 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cjc00062 cjc01040 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cjc00061 cjc00071 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cjc00071 cjc01212 cjc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cjc01040 cjc01212 cjc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:cjc00100 cjc01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00100 cjc01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH:cjc00120 cjc01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:cjc00120 cjc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cjc00120 cjc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cjc00140 cjc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00561 cjc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cjc00561 cjc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cjc00564 cjc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cjc00564 cjc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cjc00564 cjc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00600 cjc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00600 cjc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cjc00600 cjc00565 cjc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00600 cjc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cjc00600 cjc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cjc00230 cjc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cjc00230 cjc01232 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cjc00230 cjc01232 cjc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cjc00230 cjc00240 cjc01232 cjc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cjc00230 cjc01232 cjc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cjc00230 cjc01232 cjc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cjc00240 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cjc00240 cjc01232 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cjc00240 cjc01232 cjc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cjc00240 cjc00410 cjc00770 cjc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cjc00260 cjc01200 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cjc00260 cjc00630 cjc00785 cjc01200 cjc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cjc00260 cjc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:cjc00260 cjc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cjc00260 cjc00270 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cjc00270 cjc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cjc00270 cjc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cjc00280 cjc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cjc00310 cjc01210 cjc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cjc00220 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cjc00220 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cjc00330 cjc01230 cjc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cjc00330 cjc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cjc00330 cjc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cjc00330 cjc00260 cjc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cjc00330 cjc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cjc00330 cjc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cjc00340 cjc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cjc00350 cjc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cjc00350 cjc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cjc00350 cjc01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cjc00380 cjc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cjc00380 cjc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cjc00250 cjc00650 cjc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cjc00480 cjc01240 cjc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cjc00510 cjc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cjc00510 cjc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cjc00510 cjc01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:cjc00512 cjc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cjc00515 cjc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cjc00601 cjc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cjc00601 cjc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cjc00603 cjc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cjc00604 cjc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cjc00532 cjc00534 cjc01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cjc00532 cjc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cjc00534 cjc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjc00531 cjc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cjc00531 cjc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjc00531 cjc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjc00531 cjc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cjc00380 cjc00760 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cjc00770 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cjc00785 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cjc00785 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cjc00790 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cjc00790 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cjc00670 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cjc00860 cjc01240 cjc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cjc00130 cjc01240 cjc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cjc00900 cjc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cjc00900 cjc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity