KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:elk00010 elk01200 elk01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:elk00010 elk01200 elk01230 elk01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:elk00010 elk00020 elk01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:elk00010 elk00020 elk00620 elk00785 elk01200 elk01210 elk01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:elk00020 elk01200 elk01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:elk00020 elk01200 elk01210 elk01230 elk01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:elk00020 elk01200 elk01210 elk01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:elk00030 elk01200 elk01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:elk00030 elk01200 elk01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:elk00030 elk01200 elk01230 elk01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:elk00030 elk00230 elk01200 elk01230 elk01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:elk00040 elk01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:elk00052 elk01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:elk00040 elk00053 elk01240 elk01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:elk00500 elk01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:elk00500 elk01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:elk00520 elk01250 elk01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:elk00520 elk00052 elk01250 elk01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:elk00520 elk01250 elk01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:elk00280 elk00630 elk00640 elk01200 elk01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:elk00562 elk01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:elk00562 elk01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:elk00562 elk01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:elk00190 elk01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:elk00190 elk01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:elk00190 elk01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:elk00190 elk01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:elk00190 elk01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:elk00061 elk01212 elk01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:elk00061 elk01212 elk01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:elk00061 elk01212 elk01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:elk00062 elk01212 elk01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:elk00062 elk01040 elk01212 elk01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:elk00061 elk00071 elk01212 elk01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:elk00071 elk01212 elk01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:elk01040 elk01212 elk01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:elk00100 elk01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:elk00100 elk01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:elk00120 elk01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:elk00120 elk01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:elk00140 elk01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:elk00140 elk01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:elk00140 elk01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:elk00140 elk01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:elk00140 elk01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:elk00561 elk01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:elk00561 elk01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:elk00564 elk01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:elk00564 elk01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:elk00564 elk01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:elk00600 elk01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:elk00600 elk01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:elk00600 elk00565 elk01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:elk00600 elk01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:elk00600 elk01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:elk00230 elk01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:elk00230 elk01232 elk01240 elk01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:elk00230 elk01232 elk01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:elk00230 elk00240 elk01232 elk01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:elk00230 elk01232 elk01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:elk00230 elk01232 elk01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:elk00240 elk01240 elk01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:elk00240 elk01232 elk01240 elk01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:elk00240 elk01232 elk01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:elk00240 elk00410 elk00770 elk01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:elk00260 elk01200 elk01230 elk01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:elk00260 elk00630 elk00785 elk01200 elk01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:elk00260 elk01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:elk00260 elk01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:elk00260 elk00270 elk01230 elk01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:elk00270 elk01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:elk00270 elk01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:elk00280 elk01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:elk00310 elk01210 elk01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:elk00220 elk01230 elk01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:elk00220 elk01230 elk01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:elk00330 elk01230 elk01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:elk00330 elk01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:elk00330 elk01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:elk00330 elk00260 elk01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:elk00330 elk01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:elk00330 elk01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:elk00340 elk01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:elk00350 elk01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:elk00350 elk01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:elk00350 elk01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:elk00380 elk01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:elk00380 elk01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:elk00250 elk00650 elk01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:elk00480 elk01240 elk01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:elk00510 elk01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:elk00510 elk01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:elk00510 elk01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:elk00512 elk01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:elk00515 elk01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:elk00563 elk01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:elk00601 elk01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:elk00601 elk01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:elk00603 elk01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:elk00604 elk01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:elk00532 elk00534 elk01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:elk00532 elk01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:elk00534 elk01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:elk00531 elk01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:elk00531 elk01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:elk00531 elk01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:elk00531 elk01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:elk00380 elk00760 elk01240 elk01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:elk00770 elk01240 elk01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:elk00785 elk01240 elk01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:elk00785 elk01240 elk01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:elk00790 elk01240 elk01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:elk00790 elk01240 elk01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:elk00670 elk01240 elk01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:elk00860 elk01240 elk01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:elk00130 elk01240 elk01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:elk00900 elk01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:elk00900 elk01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity