KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mpr00010 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mpr00010 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mpr00010 mpr00020 mpr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mpr00010 mpr00020 mpr00620 mpr00785 mpr01200 mpr01210 mpr01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mpr00020 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mpr00020 mpr01200 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mpr00020 mpr01200 mpr01210 mpr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mpr00030 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mpr00030 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mpr00030 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mpr00030 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mpr00030 mpr00230 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:mpr00030 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mpr00030 mpr00052 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:mpr00030 mpr00052 mpr01200 mpr01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:mpr00040 mpr00030 mpr01100]
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:mpr00040 mpr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mpr00052 mpr01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mpr00500 mpr01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mpr00520 mpr01250 mpr01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mpr00520 mpr00052 mpr01250 mpr01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mpr00520 mpr01250 mpr01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mpr00630 mpr01200 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mpr00280 mpr00630 mpr00640 mpr01200 mpr01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mpr00620 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00375 Hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle [PATH:mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00374 Dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle [PATH:mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:mpr00430 mpr00620 mpr01200 mpr01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mpr00910 mpr01100]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mpr00910 mpr01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:mpr00920 mpr01100]

Photosynthesis
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:mpr01100]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mpr00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mpr00190 mpr01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mpr00061 mpr01212 mpr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mpr00061 mpr01212 mpr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mpr00061 mpr00071 mpr01212 mpr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mpr00071 mpr01212 mpr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mpr00564 mpr01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mpr00564 mpr01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mpr00230 mpr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mpr00230 mpr01232 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mpr00230 mpr01232 mpr01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mpr00230 mpr00240 mpr01232 mpr01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mpr00230 mpr01232 mpr01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mpr00230 mpr01232 mpr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mpr00240 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mpr00240 mpr01232 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mpr00240 mpr01232 mpr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mpr00260 mpr00680 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mpr00260 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mpr00260 mpr00630 mpr00785 mpr01200 mpr01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mpr00260 mpr01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:mpr00260 mpr01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:mpr00260 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mpr00270 mpr00920 mpr01200 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mpr00260 mpr00270 mpr01230 mpr01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mpr00290 mpr00770 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mpr00290 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mpr00290 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mpr00300 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mpr00300 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:mpr00300 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mpr00220 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00763 Ornithine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mpr00220 mpr01210 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mpr00220 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mpr00330 mpr01230 mpr01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mpr00330 mpr01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mpr00330 mpr01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:mpr00330 mpr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mpr00340 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mpr00340 mpr01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mpr00400 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mpr00400 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:mpr00400 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:mpr00400 mpr01230 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:mpr00350 mpr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mpr00480 mpr01240 mpr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:mpr01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:mpr01250 mpr01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:mpr01250 mpr01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00896 Thiamine biosynthesis, archaea, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/TPP [PATH:mpr00730 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mpr00730 mpr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mpr00740 mpr01240 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mpr00750 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mpr00750 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mpr00760 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:mpr00770 mpr01240 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mpr00770 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mpr00780 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00950 Biotin biosynthesis, BioU pathway, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mpr00780 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mpr00785 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mpr00790 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:mpr00670 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mpr00670 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:mpr00860 mpr01240 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mpr00860 mpr01240 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:mpr00860 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:mpr00860 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:mpr00860 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:mpr00130 mpr01240 mpr01100]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:mpr00130 mpr01240 mpr01100 mpr01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mpr00900 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:mpr00900 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:mpr00900 mpr01100 mpr01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mpr00900 mpr01100 mpr01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
M00824 9-membered enediyne core biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => 3-hydroxyhexadeca-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaenoyl-ACP => 9-membered enediyne core [PATH:mpr01100 mpr01110]

Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:mpr01250 mpr01100 mpr01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00638 Salicylate degradation, salicylate => gentisate [PATH:mpr01100]
M00623 Phthalate degradation, phthalate => protocatechuate [PATH:mpr01100]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation