KEGG Modules
Pathway modules
Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH: pan00010 pan01200 pan01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH: pan00010 pan01200 pan01230 pan01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH: pan00010 pan00020 pan01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH: pan00010 pan00020 pan00620 pan00785 pan01200 pan01210 pan01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH: pan00020 pan01200 pan01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH: pan00020 pan01200 pan01210 pan01230 pan01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH: pan00020 pan01200 pan01210 pan01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH: pan00030 pan01200 pan01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH: pan00030 pan01200 pan01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: pan00030 pan01200 pan01230 pan01100]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: pan00030 pan01200 pan01230 pan01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH: pan00030 pan00230 pan01200 pan01230 pan01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH: pan00030 pan01200 pan01100]
Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH: pan00040 pan01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: pan00040 pan00030 pan01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: pan00040 pan00030 pan01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH: pan00052 pan01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH: pan00052 pan01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH: pan00500 pan01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH: pan00500 pan01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH: pan00500 pan01100 pan01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH: pan00520 pan01250 pan01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH: pan00520 pan00052 pan01250 pan01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: pan00520 pan01250 pan01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: pan00520 pan01250 pan01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH: pan00520 pan01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH: pan00630 pan01200 pan01100 pan01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH: pan00280 pan00630 pan00640 pan01200 pan01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH: pan00562 pan01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH: pan00562 pan01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH: pan00562 pan01100]
Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH: pan00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH: pan00190 pan01100]
Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH: pan00100 pan01100]
M00102 Ergocalciferol biosynthesis, FPP => ergosterol/ergocalciferol [PATH: pan00100 pan01100 pan01110]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH: pan00100 pan01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH: pan01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH: pan01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH: pan01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH: pan01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH: pan01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH: pan01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH: pan01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: pan01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: pan01100]
Lipid metabolism
Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pan00300 pan01230 pan01100]
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pan00300 pan01230 pan01100]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH: pan00300 pan01230 pan01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH: pan00300 pan01210 pan01230 pan01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH: pan00310 pan01210 pan01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH: pan00310 pan01100]
M00960 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => D-lysine => succinate [PATH: pan00310 pan01100]
Arginine and proline metabolism
Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH: pan00400 pan01230 pan01100 pan01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH: pan00400 pan01230 pan01100 pan01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH: pan00400 pan01230 pan01100 pan01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH: pan00400 pan01230 pan01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH: pan00400 pan01230 pan01100 pan01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH: pan00350 pan01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH: pan00350 pan01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH: pan00350 pan01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH: pan00350 pan01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH: pan00380 pan01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH: pan00380 pan01100]
Other amino acid metabolism
Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH: pan00510 pan01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH: pan00510 pan00513 pan01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH: pan00510 pan01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH: pan00510 pan01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH: pan01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH: pan00515 pan01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH: pan01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH: pan01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH: pan00603 pan01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH: pan00604 pan01100]
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH: pan00730 pan01240 pan01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH: pan00730 pan01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH: pan00740 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH: pan00750 pan01240 pan01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH: pan00750 pan01240 pan01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH: pan00760 pan01240 pan01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH: pan00380 pan00760 pan01240 pan01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH: pan00760 pan01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH: pan00770 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH: pan00770 pan01240 pan01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH: pan00780 pan01240 pan01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH: pan00780 pan01240 pan01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH: pan00785 pan01240 pan01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH: pan00785 pan01240 pan01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH: pan00785 pan01240 pan01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH: pan00790 pan00670 pan01240 pan01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH: pan00790 pan01240 pan01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH: pan00790 pan01240 pan01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH: pan00670 pan01240 pan01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH: pan00670 pan01240 pan01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH: pan00860 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH: pan00860 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH: pan00860 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH: pan00860 pan01240 pan01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH: pan00860 pan01240 pan01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH: pan00130 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH: pan00130 pan01240 pan01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH: pan00130 pan01240 pan01100 pan01110]
Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pan01100]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:pan01100]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pan01100]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pan00360 pan01100]
Signature modules
Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00851 Carbapenem resistance [PATH: pan01501]
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation
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