KEGG Modules
Pathway modules
Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH: pca00010 pca01200 pca01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH: pca00010 pca01200 pca01230 pca01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH: pca00010 pca00020 pca01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH: pca00010 pca00020 pca00620 pca00785 pca01200 pca01210 pca01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH: pca00020 pca01200 pca01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH: pca00020 pca01200 pca01210 pca01230 pca01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH: pca00020 pca01200 pca01210 pca01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH: pca00030 pca01200 pca01100 pca01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH: pca00030 pca01200 pca01100 pca01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: pca00030 pca01200 pca01230 pca01100 pca01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH: pca00030 pca00230 pca01200 pca01230 pca01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH: pca00030 pca01200 pca01100 pca01120]
Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH: pca00040 pca01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: pca00040 pca00030 pca01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: pca00040 pca00030 pca01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH: pca00052 pca01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH: pca00052 pca01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH: pca00040 pca00053 pca01240 pca01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH: pca00500 pca01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH: pca00500 pca01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH: pca00500 pca01100 pca01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH: pca00520 pca01250 pca01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH: pca00520 pca00052 pca01250 pca01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: pca00520 pca01250 pca01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: pca00520 pca01250 pca01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH: pca00520 pca01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH: pca00630 pca01200 pca01100 pca01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH: pca00280 pca00630 pca00640 pca01200 pca01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH: pca00562 pca01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH: pca00562 pca01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH: pca00562 pca01100]
Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pca01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:pca01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pca01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pca01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pca01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pca01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pca01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pca01100]
Lipid metabolism
Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pca00300 pca01230 pca01100]
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pca00300 pca01230 pca01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pca00300 pca01230 pca01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: pca00300 pca01230 pca01100 pca01110]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH: pca00310 pca01210 pca01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH: pca00310 pca01100 pca01120]
Arginine and proline metabolism
Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH: pca00400 pca01230 pca01100 pca01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH: pca00400 pca01230 pca01100 pca01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH: pca00400 pca01230 pca01100 pca01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH: pca00400 pca01230 pca01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH: pca00400 pca01230 pca01100 pca01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH: pca00350 pca01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH: pca00350 pca01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH: pca00350 pca01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH: pca00350 pca01220 pca01100 pca01120]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH: pca00380 pca01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH: pca00380 pca01100]
Other amino acid metabolism
Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH: pca01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH: pca01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH: pca01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH: pca01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH: pca01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH: pca01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH: pca01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH: pca01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH: pca01100]
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH: pca00730 pca01240 pca01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH: pca00730 pca01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH: pca00740 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH: pca00750 pca01240 pca01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH: pca00750 pca01240 pca01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH: pca00760 pca01240 pca01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH: pca00380 pca00760 pca01240 pca01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH: pca00770 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH: pca00770 pca01240 pca01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH: pca00780 pca01240 pca01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH: pca00780 pca01240 pca01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH: pca00780 pca01240 pca01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH: pca00785 pca01240 pca01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH: pca00785 pca01240 pca01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH: pca00785 pca01240 pca01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH: pca00790 pca00670 pca01240 pca01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH: pca00790 pca01240 pca01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH: pca00790 pca01240 pca01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH: pca00670 pca01240 pca01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH: pca00670 pca01240 pca01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH: pca00860 pca01240 pca01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH: pca00130 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH: pca00130 pca01240 pca01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH: pca00130 pca01240 pca01100 pca01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH: pca00130 pca01240 pca01100]
Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Signature modules
Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation
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