KEGG Modules
Pathway modules
Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH: ptr00010 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH: ptr00010 ptr01200 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH: ptr00010 ptr00020 ptr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00010 ptr00020 ptr00620 ptr00785 ptr01200 ptr01210 ptr01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH: ptr00020 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH: ptr00020 ptr01200 ptr01210 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH: ptr00020 ptr01200 ptr01210 ptr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH: ptr00030 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH: ptr00030 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: ptr00030 ptr01200 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: ptr00030 ptr01200 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH: ptr00030 ptr00230 ptr01200 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH: ptr00030 ptr01200 ptr01100]
Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH: ptr00040 ptr01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: ptr00040 ptr00030 ptr01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: ptr00040 ptr00030 ptr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH: ptr00052 ptr01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH: ptr00052 ptr01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH: ptr00500 ptr01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH: ptr00500 ptr01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH: ptr00500 ptr01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH: ptr00520 ptr01250 ptr01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH: ptr00520 ptr00052 ptr01250 ptr01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: ptr00520 ptr01250 ptr01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: ptr00520 ptr01250 ptr01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH: ptr00520 ptr01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH: ptr00630 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00410 ptr00640 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00280 ptr00630 ptr00640 ptr01200 ptr01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH: ptr00562 ptr01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH: ptr00562 ptr01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH: ptr00562 ptr01100]
Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH: ptr00100 ptr01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH: ptr00100 ptr01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH: ptr00120 ptr01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH: ptr00120 ptr01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00120 ptr01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: ptr00140 ptr01100]
Lipid metabolism
Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH: ptr01210 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00310 ptr01210 ptr01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH: ptr00310 ptr01100]
Arginine and proline metabolism
Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH: ptr00400 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH: ptr00400 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH: ptr00400 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH: ptr00400 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH: ptr00400 ptr01230 ptr01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH: ptr00350 ptr01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH: ptr00350 ptr01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH: ptr00350 ptr01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH: ptr00350 ptr01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH: ptr00380 ptr01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH: ptr00380 ptr01100]
Other amino acid metabolism
Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH: ptr00510 ptr01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH: ptr00510 ptr00513 ptr01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH: ptr00510 ptr01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH: ptr00510 ptr01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH: ptr00512 ptr01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH: ptr00515 ptr01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH: ptr00563 ptr01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH: ptr00601 ptr01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH: ptr00601 ptr01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH: ptr00603 ptr01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH: ptr00604 ptr01100]
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00898 Thiamine biosynthesis, pyridoxal-5P => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:ptr00730 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:ptr00730 ptr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:ptr00740 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ptr00750 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ptr00750 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ptr00760 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ptr00380 ptr00760 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:ptr00760 ptr01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:ptr00770 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ptr00770 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:ptr00780 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:ptr00780 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:ptr00785 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ptr00785 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ptr00785 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:ptr00790 ptr00670 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ptr00790 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ptr00790 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:ptr00670 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ptr00670 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:ptr00860 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ptr00860 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:ptr00860 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:ptr00860 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:ptr00130 ptr01240 ptr01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ptr00130 ptr01240 ptr01100]
Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:ptr01100]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:ptr01100]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:ptr01100]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:ptr01100]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ptr00360 ptr01100]
Signature modules
Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00718 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexAB-OprM
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation
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