KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sac00010 sac01200 sac01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sac00010 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sac00010 sac00020 sac01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sac00010 sac00020 sac00620 sac00785 sac01200 sac01210 sac01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sac00020 sac01200 sac01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sac00020 sac01200 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sac00020 sac01200 sac01210 sac01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sac00030 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sac00030 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sac00030 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100 sac01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sac00030 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100 sac01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sac00030 sac00230 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sac00030 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]
M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:sac00030 sac00052 sac01200 sac01100]
M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:sac00030 sac00052 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sac00040 sac00030 sac01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sac00040 sac00030 sac01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sac00052 sac01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:sac00052 sac01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:sac00053 sac01100 sac01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sac00500 sac01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sac00500 sac01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:sac00520 sac01250 sac01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:sac00520 sac00052 sac01250 sac01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sac00520 sac01250 sac01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sac00630 sac01200 sac01100 sac01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sac00280 sac00630 sac00640 sac01200 sac01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sac00620 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]
M00375 Hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle [PATH:sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sac00430 sac00620 sac01200 sac01100 sac01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:sac00030 sac00680 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100 sac01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sac00910 sac01100 sac01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sac00910 sac01100 sac01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sac00920 sac01100 sac01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sac00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sac00190 sac01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sac00061 sac01212 sac01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sac00061 sac01212 sac01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sac00061 sac00071 sac01212 sac01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sac00071 sac01212 sac01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sac00564 sac01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sac00564 sac01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sac00230 sac01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sac00230 sac01232 sac01240 sac01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sac00230 sac01232 sac01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sac00230 sac00240 sac01232 sac01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sac00230 sac01232 sac01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sac00230 sac01232 sac01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:sac00230 sac01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sac00240 sac01240 sac01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sac00240 sac01232 sac01240 sac01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sac00240 sac01232 sac01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sac00260 sac00680 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sac00260 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sac00260 sac00630 sac00785 sac01200 sac01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sac00260 sac01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:sac00260 sac01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:sac00260 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100 sac01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sac00270 sac00920 sac01200 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sac00260 sac00270 sac01230 sac01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sac00270 sac01230 sac01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sac00270 sac01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:sac00270 sac01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sac00290 sac00770 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sac00290 sac01230 sac01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sac00290 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sac00280 sac01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sac00300 sac01230 sac01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sac00300 sac01230 sac01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sac00300 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:sac00300 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sac00220 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100]
M00763 Ornithine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sac00220 sac01210 sac01230 sac01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sac00220 sac01230 sac01100]
M00845 Arginine biosynthesis, glutamate => acetylcitrulline => arginine [PATH:sac00220 sac01230 sac01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sac00330 sac01230 sac01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sac00330 sac01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sac00330 sac01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sac00330 sac01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sac00340 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sac00340 sac01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sac00400 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sac00400 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:sac00400 sac01230 sac01100 sac01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:sac00400 sac01230 sac01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:sac00350 sac01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:sac00250 sac00650 sac01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sac00480 sac01240 sac01100]
M00949 Staphylopine biosynthesis, L-histidine => staphylopine [PATH:sac00470 sac01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:sac01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:sac01250 sac01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:sac01250 sac01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00896 Thiamine biosynthesis, archaea, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/TPP [PATH:sac00730 sac01240 sac01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sac00730 sac01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sac00740 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sac00750 sac01240 sac01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sac00750 sac01240 sac01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sac00760 sac01240 sac01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sac00770 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sac00770 sac01240 sac01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sac00780 sac01240 sac01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH:sac00780 sac01240 sac01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sac00785 sac01240 sac01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sac00785 sac01240 sac01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sac00790 sac00670 sac01240 sac01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sac00790 sac01240 sac01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:sac00670 sac01240 sac01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sac00860 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sac00860 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:sac00860 sac01240 sac01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:sac00860 sac01240 sac01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sac00130 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:sac00130 sac01240 sac01100 sac01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:sac00130 sac01240 sac01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:sac00900 sac01100 sac01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sac00900 sac01100 sac01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sac00900 sac01100 sac01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:sac00900 sac01100 sac01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:sac00521 sac00541 sac01250 sac01100 sac01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:sac00997 sac01100 sac01110]
M00875 Staphyloferrin B biosynthesis, L-serine => staphyloferrin B [PATH:sac00997 sac01100 sac01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:sac01501]
M00704 Tetracycline resistance, efflux pump Tet38
M00725 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, dltABCD operon [PATH:sac01503]
M00726 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) synthase MprF [PATH:sac01503]
M00730 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, VraFG transporter [PATH:sac01503]
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation