KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sag00010 sag01200 sag01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sag00010 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sag00010 sag00020 sag01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sag00010 sag00020 sag00620 sag00785 sag01200 sag01210 sag01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sag00020 sag01200 sag01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sag00020 sag01200 sag01210 sag01230 sag01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sag00020 sag01200 sag01210 sag01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sag00030 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sag00030 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sag00030 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100 sag01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sag00030 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100 sag01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sag00030 sag00230 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sag00030 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sag00040 sag00030 sag01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sag00052 sag01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:sag00052 sag01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:sag00053 sag01100 sag01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sag00500 sag01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sag00500 sag01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:sag00520 sag01250 sag01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:sag00520 sag00052 sag01250 sag01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sag00520 sag01250 sag01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sag00630 sag01200 sag01100 sag01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:sag00630 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sag00280 sag00630 sag00640 sag01200 sag01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sag00620 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:sag00620 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sag00430 sag00620 sag01200 sag01100 sag01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:sag00030 sag00680 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100 sag01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:sag00910 sag01100 sag01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sag00910 sag01100 sag01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sag00910 sag01100 sag01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:sag00920 sag01100 sag01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sag00190]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sag00190 sag01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sag00061 sag01212 sag01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sag00061 sag01212 sag01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sag00061 sag00071 sag01212 sag01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sag00071 sag01212 sag01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sag00564 sag01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sag00230 sag01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sag00230 sag01232 sag01240 sag01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sag00230 sag01232 sag01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sag00230 sag00240 sag01232 sag01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sag00230 sag01232 sag01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sag00230 sag01232 sag01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sag00240 sag01232 sag01240 sag01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sag00240 sag01232 sag01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:sag00240 sag00770 sag01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sag00260 sag00680 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sag00260 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sag00260 sag00630 sag00785 sag01200 sag01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sag00260 sag01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:sag00260 sag01210 sag01230 sag01100 sag01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sag00270 sag00920 sag01200 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sag00270 sag01230 sag01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sag00290 sag00770 sag01210 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sag00290 sag01230 sag01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sag00290 sag01210 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sag00280 sag01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sag00300 sag01230 sag01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sag00220 sag01210 sag01230 sag01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sag00220 sag01230 sag01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sag00330 sag01230 sag01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sag00330 sag01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sag00330 sag01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:sag00330 sag01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sag01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sag00400 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sag00400 sag01230 sag01100 sag01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sag00480 sag01240 sag01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sag00470 sag01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:sag01250 sag01100]
M00922 CMP-Neu5Ac biosynthesis [PATH:sag00541 sag01250 sag01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sag00730 sag01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sag00740 sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sag00750 sag01240 sag01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sag00750 sag01240 sag01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sag00760 sag01240 sag01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:sag00760 sag01100 sag01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sag00770 sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sag00770 sag01240 sag01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sag00780 sag01240 sag01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH:sag00780 sag01240 sag01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sag00785 sag01240 sag01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sag00785 sag01240 sag01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sag00790 sag00670 sag01240 sag01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sag00790 sag01240 sag01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:sag00670 sag01240 sag01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:sag01240 sag01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:sag01240 sag01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:sag01240 sag01100 sag01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sag00900 sag01100 sag01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sag00900 sag01100 sag01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:sag00521 sag00523 sag00541 sag01250 sag01100 sag01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:sag01100 sag01110]
M00875 Staphyloferrin B biosynthesis, L-serine => staphyloferrin B [PATH:sag01100 sag01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:sag01501]
M00704 Tetracycline resistance, efflux pump Tet38
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation