KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:stt00010 stt01200 stt01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:stt00010 stt01200 stt01230 stt01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:stt00010 stt00020 stt01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:stt00010 stt00020 stt00620 stt00785 stt01200 stt01210 stt01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:stt00020 stt01200 stt01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:stt00020 stt01200 stt01210 stt01230 stt01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:stt00020 stt01200 stt01210 stt01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:stt00030 stt01200 stt01100 stt01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:stt00030 stt01200 stt01100 stt01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:stt00030 stt01200 stt01230 stt01100 stt01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:stt00030 stt00230 stt01200 stt01230 stt01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:stt00030 stt01200 stt01100 stt01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:stt00040 stt00030 stt01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:stt00052 stt01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:stt00053 stt01100 stt01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:stt00500 stt01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:stt00500 stt01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:stt00500 stt01100 stt01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:stt00520 stt01250 stt01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:stt00520 stt00052 stt01250 stt01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:stt00520 stt01250 stt01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:stt00520 stt01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:stt00630 stt01200 stt01100 stt01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:stt00280 stt00630 stt00640 stt01200 stt01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:stt00620 stt01200 stt01100 stt01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:stt00430 stt00620 stt01200 stt01100 stt01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:stt00910 stt01100 stt01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:stt00920 stt01100 stt01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:stt00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:stt00190 stt01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:stt00061 stt01212 stt01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:stt00061 stt01212 stt01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:stt00061 stt00071 stt01212 stt01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:stt00071 stt01212 stt01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:stt00564 stt01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:stt00230 stt01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:stt00230 stt01232 stt01240 stt01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:stt00230 stt01232 stt01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:stt00230 stt00240 stt01232 stt01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:stt00240 stt01240 stt01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:stt00240 stt01232 stt01240 stt01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:stt00240 stt01232 stt01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:stt00260 stt00680 stt01200 stt01230 stt01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:stt00260 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:stt00260 stt00630 stt00785 stt01200 stt01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:stt00260 stt01210 stt01230 stt01100 stt01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:stt00270 stt00920 stt01200 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:stt00260 stt00270 stt01230 stt01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:stt00270 stt01230 stt01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:stt00270 stt01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:stt00290 stt00770 stt01210 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:stt00290 stt01230 stt01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:stt00290 stt01210 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:stt00300 stt01230 stt01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:stt00310 stt01100 stt01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:stt00220 stt01210 stt01230 stt01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:stt00220 stt01230 stt01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:stt00330 stt01230 stt01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:stt00330 stt01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:stt00330 stt01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:stt00330 stt01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:stt00330 stt01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:stt00340 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:stt00340 stt01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:stt00400 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:stt00400 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:stt00400 stt01230 stt01100 stt01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:stt00400 stt01230 stt01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:stt00250 stt00650 stt01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:stt00480 stt01240 stt01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:stt00540 stt01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:stt00540 stt01250 stt01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:stt00540 stt01250 stt01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:stt00730 stt01240 stt01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:stt00730 stt01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:stt00740 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:stt00750 stt01240 stt01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:stt00750 stt01240 stt01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:stt00760 stt01240 stt01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:stt00770 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:stt00770 stt01240 stt01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:stt00780 stt01240 stt01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:stt00780 stt01240 stt01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:stt00785 stt01240 stt01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:stt00790 stt00670 stt01240 stt01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:stt00790 stt01240 stt01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:stt00860 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:stt00860 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:stt00860 stt01240 stt01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:stt00860 stt01240 stt01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:stt00130 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:stt00130 stt01240 stt01100 stt01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:stt00130 stt01240 stt01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:stt00900 stt01100 stt01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:stt00900 stt01100 stt01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:stt01100 stt01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:stt00521 stt00523 stt00541 stt01250 stt01100 stt01110]
M00800 dTDP-L-megosamine biosynthesis [PATH:stt00523 stt01250 stt01100 stt01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
M00856 Salmonella enterica pathogenicity signature, typhoid toxin
M00857 Salmonella enterica pathogenicity signature, Vi antigen

Drug resistance
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00746 Multidrug resistance, repression of porin OmpF

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation