KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:tpai00010 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:tpai00010 tpai01200 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:tpai00010 tpai00020 tpai01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:tpai00010 tpai00020 tpai00620 tpai00785 tpai01200 tpai01210 tpai01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:tpai00020 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:tpai00020 tpai01200 tpai01210 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:tpai00020 tpai01200 tpai01210 tpai01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:tpai00030 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:tpai00030 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:tpai00030 tpai01200 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:tpai00030 tpai00230 tpai01200 tpai01230 tpai01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:tpai00040 tpai01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:tpai00052 tpai01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:tpai00040 tpai00053 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:tpai00500 tpai01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:tpai00500 tpai01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:tpai00520 tpai01250 tpai01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:tpai00520 tpai00052 tpai01250 tpai01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:tpai00520 tpai01250 tpai01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:tpai00280 tpai00630 tpai00640 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:tpai00562 tpai01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:tpai00562 tpai01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:tpai00562 tpai01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:tpai00190 tpai01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:tpai00190 tpai01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:tpai00061 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:tpai00061 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:tpai00062 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:tpai00062 tpai01040 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:tpai00061 tpai00071 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:tpai00071 tpai01212 tpai01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:tpai01040 tpai01212 tpai01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:tpai00120 tpai01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:tpai00140 tpai01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:tpai00140 tpai01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:tpai00140 tpai01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:tpai00561 tpai01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:tpai00561 tpai01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:tpai00564 tpai01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:tpai00564 tpai01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:tpai00564 tpai01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tpai00600 tpai01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:tpai00600 tpai01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:tpai00600 tpai00565 tpai01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:tpai00600 tpai01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:tpai00600 tpai01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:tpai00230 tpai01232 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:tpai00230 tpai01232 tpai01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:tpai00230 tpai00240 tpai01232 tpai01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:tpai00230 tpai01232 tpai01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:tpai00230 tpai01232 tpai01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:tpai00240 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:tpai00240 tpai01232 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:tpai00240 tpai01232 tpai01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:tpai00240 tpai00410 tpai00770 tpai01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:tpai00260 tpai01200 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:tpai00260 tpai00630 tpai00785 tpai01200 tpai01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:tpai00260 tpai01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:tpai00260 tpai01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:tpai00260 tpai00270 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:tpai00270 tpai01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:tpai00220 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:tpai00220 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:tpai00330 tpai01230 tpai01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:tpai00330 tpai01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:tpai00330 tpai01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:tpai00330 tpai00260 tpai01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:tpai00330 tpai01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:tpai00330 tpai01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:tpai00340 tpai01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:tpai00350 tpai01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:tpai00350 tpai01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:tpai00350 tpai01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:tpai00380 tpai01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:tpai00380 tpai01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:tpai00250 tpai00650 tpai01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:tpai00480 tpai01240 tpai01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:tpai00510 tpai01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:tpai00563 tpai01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:tpai00601 tpai01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:tpai00601 tpai01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:tpai00603 tpai01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:tpai00604 tpai01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:tpai00532 tpai01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:tpai00534 tpai01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:tpai00531 tpai01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:tpai00531 tpai01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:tpai00531 tpai01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:tpai00770 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:tpai00785 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:tpai00785 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:tpai00790 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:tpai00790 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:tpai00670 tpai01240 tpai01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:tpai00130 tpai01240 tpai01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:tpai00900 tpai01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:tpai00900 tpai01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity