KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bar00010 bar01200 bar01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bar00010 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bar00010 bar00020 bar01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bar00010 bar00020 bar00620 bar00785 bar01200 bar01210 bar01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bar00020 bar01200 bar01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bar00020 bar01200 bar01210 bar01230 bar01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bar00020 bar01200 bar01210 bar01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bar00030 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:bar00030 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bar00030 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100 bar01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bar00030 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100 bar01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:bar00030 bar00230 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:bar00030 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bar00052 bar01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:bar00052 bar01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bar00500 bar01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:bar00500 bar01100 bar01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:bar00520 bar01250 bar01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:bar00520 bar00052 bar01250 bar01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bar00520 bar01250 bar01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:bar00630 bar01200 bar01100 bar01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bar00280 bar00630 bar00640 bar01200 bar01100]
M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:bar00030 bar00230 bar00240 bar00630 bar01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:bar00620 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:bar00620 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:bar00430 bar00620 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]

Methane metabolism
M00422 Acetyl-CoA pathway, CO2 => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bar00680 bar01200 bar01100 bar01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:bar00910 bar01100 bar01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bar00910 bar01100 bar01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bar00910 bar01100 bar01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:bar00920 bar01100 bar01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:bar00920 bar01100 bar01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bar00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:bar00190 bar01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bar00061 bar01212 bar01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bar00061 bar01212 bar01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bar00061 bar00071 bar01212 bar01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bar00071 bar01212 bar01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bar00561 bar01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bar00564 bar01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:bar00564 bar01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bar00230 bar01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bar00230 bar01232 bar01240 bar01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bar00230 bar01232 bar01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bar00230 bar00240 bar01232 bar01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bar00230 bar01232 bar01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bar00230 bar01232 bar01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:bar00230 bar01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bar00240 bar01240 bar01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bar00240 bar01232 bar01240 bar01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bar00240 bar01232 bar01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bar00240 bar00410 bar00770 bar01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bar00260 bar00680 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:bar00260 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bar00260 bar00630 bar00785 bar01200 bar01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bar00260 bar01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:bar00260 bar01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:bar00270 bar00920 bar01200 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00609 Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:bar00270 bar01230 bar01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:bar00270 bar01230 bar01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bar00270 bar01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bar00290 bar00770 bar01210 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:bar00290 bar00660 bar01210 bar01230 bar01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bar00290 bar01230 bar01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:bar00290 bar01210 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bar00280 bar01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bar00300 bar01230 bar01100]
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bar00300 bar01230 bar01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bar00300 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:bar00220 bar01210 bar01230 bar01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bar00220 bar01230 bar01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bar00330 bar01230 bar01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:bar00330 bar01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:bar00340 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bar00340 bar01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:bar00400 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:bar00400 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:bar00400 bar01230 bar01100 bar01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:bar00400 bar01230 bar01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bar00350 bar01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:bar00350 bar01220 bar01100 bar01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bar00480 bar01240 bar01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bar00470 bar01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:bar01250 bar01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:bar01250 bar01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00896 Thiamine biosynthesis, archaea, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/TPP [PATH:bar00730 bar01240 bar01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:bar00730 bar01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:bar00740 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:bar00750 bar01240 bar01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bar00760 bar01240 bar01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:bar00760 bar01100 bar01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:bar00770 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bar00770 bar01240 bar01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:bar00780 bar01240 bar01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:bar00780 bar01240 bar01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:bar00785 bar01240 bar01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bar00785 bar01240 bar01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:bar00790 bar00670 bar01240 bar01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bar00790 bar01240 bar01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:bar00670 bar01240 bar01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:bar00860 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:bar00860 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:bar00860 bar01240 bar01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:bar00860 bar01240 bar01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:bar00860 bar01240 bar01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:bar00130 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:bar00130 bar01240 bar01100 bar01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:bar00900 bar01100 bar01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:bar00900 bar01100 bar01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:bar00900 bar01100 bar01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:bar00900 bar01100 bar01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:bar00521 bar00523 bar00541 bar01250 bar01100 bar01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00790 Pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis, tryptophan => pyrrolnitrin [PATH:bar01100 bar01110]
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:bar01100 bar01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:bar00362 bar00622 bar01220 bar01100 bar01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:bar00627 bar01100 bar01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:bar00362 bar01220 bar01100 bar01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bar00360 bar01220 bar01100 bar01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
M00859 Bacillus anthracis pathogenicity signature, anthrax toxin
M00860 Bacillus anthracis pathogenicity signature, polyglutamic acid capsule biosynthesis

Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:bar01501]
M00643 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexXY-OprM
M00649 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AdeABC [PATH:bar01501]
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
M00664 Nodulation

Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation