KEGG Modules
Pathway modules
Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH: cca00010 cca01200 cca01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH: cca00010 cca01200 cca01230 cca01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH: cca00010 cca00020 cca01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH: cca00010 cca00020 cca00620 cca00785 cca01200 cca01210 cca01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH: cca00020 cca01200 cca01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH: cca00020 cca01200 cca01210 cca01230 cca01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH: cca00020 cca01200 cca01210 cca01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH: cca00030 cca01200 cca01100 cca01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH: cca00030 cca01200 cca01100 cca01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: cca00030 cca01200 cca01230 cca01100 cca01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH: cca00030 cca01200 cca01230 cca01100 cca01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH: cca00030 cca00230 cca01200 cca01230 cca01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH: cca00030 cca01200 cca01100 cca01120]
Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH: cca01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: cca00030 cca01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH: cca00030 cca01100]
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH: cca01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH: cca01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH: cca01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH: cca01240 cca01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH: cca00051 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH: cca00500 cca01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH: cca00500 cca01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH: cca00520 cca01250 cca01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH: cca00520 cca01250 cca01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: cca00520 cca01250 cca01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH: cca00520 cca01250 cca01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH: cca00630 cca01200 cca01100 cca01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH: cca00630 cca01200 cca01100 cca01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH: cca00640 cca01200 cca01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH: cca00280 cca00630 cca00640 cca01200 cca01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH: cca01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH: cca01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH: cca01100]
Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH: cca00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH: cca00190 cca01100]
Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH: cca01100]
M00102 Ergocalciferol biosynthesis, FPP => ergosterol/ergocalciferol [PATH: cca01100 cca01110]
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH: cca01100 cca01110]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH: cca01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH: cca01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH: cca01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH: cca01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH: cca01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH: cca01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: cca01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH: cca01100]
Lipid metabolism
Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: cca00300 cca01230 cca01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: cca00300 cca01230 cca01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH: cca00300 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH: cca00300 cca01230 cca01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH: cca00300 cca01210 cca01230 cca01100]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH: cca00300 cca01210 cca01230 cca01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH: cca00310 cca01210 cca01100]
Arginine and proline metabolism
Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH: cca00400 cca01230 cca01100 cca01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH: cca01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH: cca01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH: cca01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH: cca00380 cca01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH: cca00380 cca01100 cca01110]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH: cca00380 cca01100]
Other amino acid metabolism
Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH: cca01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH: cca01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH: cca01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH: cca01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH: cca01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH: cca01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH: cca01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH: cca01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH: cca01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH: cca01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH: cca01100]
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:cca00730 cca01240 cca01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cca00730 cca01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:cca00740 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cca01240 cca01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cca01240 cca01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cca00760 cca01240 cca01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cca00380 cca00760 cca01240 cca01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:cca00760 cca01100 cca01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:cca00770 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cca00770 cca01240 cca01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:cca00780 cca01240 cca01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:cca00780 cca01240 cca01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:cca00785 cca01240 cca01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cca00785 cca01240 cca01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cca00785 cca01240 cca01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:cca00790 cca00670 cca01240 cca01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cca00790 cca01240 cca01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cca00790 cca01240 cca01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:cca00670 cca01240 cca01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cca00670 cca01240 cca01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:cca00860 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cca00860 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:cca00860 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:cca00860 cca01240 cca01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:cca00860 cca01240 cca01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:cca00130 cca01240 cca01100 cca01110]
Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
M00829 3,6-Dimethylsalicylyl-CoA biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => 6-methylsalicylate => 3,6-dimethylsalicylyl-CoA [PATH:cca01100 cca01110]
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Signature modules
Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00851 Carbapenem resistance [PATH: cca01501]
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH: cca01501]
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
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