KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hps00010 hps01200 hps01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hps00010 hps01200 hps01230 hps01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hps00010 hps00020 hps01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hps00010 hps00020 hps00620 hps01200 hps01210 hps01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hps00020 hps01200 hps01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hps00020 hps01200 hps01210 hps01230 hps01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hps00020 hps01200 hps01210 hps01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hps00030 hps01200 hps01230 hps01100 hps01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hps00030 hps00230 hps01200 hps01230 hps01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:hps00030 hps01200 hps01100 hps01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:hps00052 hps01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hps00500 hps01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hps00520 hps01250 hps01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hps00520 hps01250 hps01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:hps00630 hps01200 hps01100 hps01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:hps01200 hps01100 hps01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:hps00620 hps01200 hps01100 hps01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:hps00430 hps00620 hps01200 hps01100 hps01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:hps00910 hps01100 hps01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:hps00920 hps01100 hps01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:hps00190 hps01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hps00061 hps01212 hps01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hps00061 hps01212 hps01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hps00061 hps00071 hps01212 hps01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hps00071 hps01212 hps01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:hps00564 hps01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hps00230 hps01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hps00230 hps01232 hps01240 hps01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hps00230 hps01232 hps01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hps00230 hps00240 hps01232 hps01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hps00230 hps01232 hps01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hps00230 hps01232 hps01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hps00240 hps01232 hps01240 hps01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hps00240 hps01232 hps01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hps00260 hps00680 hps01200 hps01230 hps01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hps00260 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hps00260 hps00630 hps01200 hps01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:hps00270 hps00920 hps01200 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hps00290 hps00770 hps01210 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hps00290 hps01230 hps01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:hps00290 hps01210 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:hps00300 hps01230 hps01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:hps00220 hps01210 hps01230 hps01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hps00220 hps01230 hps01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hps00330 hps01230 hps01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hps00330 hps01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:hps00330 hps01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hps01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:hps00400 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:hps00400 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:hps00400 hps01230 hps01100 hps01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:hps00400 hps01230 hps01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:hps01220 hps01100 hps01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hps00480 hps01240 hps01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00866 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, non-LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:hps00540 hps01100]
M00867 KDO2-lipid A modification pathway [PATH:hps00540 hps01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:hps00540 hps01250 hps01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:hps00540 hps01250 hps01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:hps00730 hps01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:hps00740 hps01240 hps01100 hps01110]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hps00760 hps01240 hps01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:hps00770 hps01240 hps01100 hps01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hps00770 hps01240 hps01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:hps00780 hps01240 hps01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:hps01240 hps01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:hps00790 hps00670 hps01240 hps01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hps00790 hps01240 hps01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:hps00860 hps01240 hps01100 hps01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:hps00860 hps01240 hps01100]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:hps00130 hps01240 hps01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:hps00521 hps00541 hps01250 hps01100 hps01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:hps00362 hps01220 hps01100 hps01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:hps00362 hps01220 hps01100 hps01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
M00564 Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity signature, cagA pathogenicity island [PATH:hps05120]

Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity