KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mar00010 mar01200 mar01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mar00010 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mar00010 mar00020 mar01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mar00010 mar00020 mar00620 mar00785 mar01200 mar01210 mar01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mar00020 mar01200 mar01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mar00020 mar01200 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mar00020 mar01200 mar01210 mar01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mar00030 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mar00030 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mar00030 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100 mar01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mar00030 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100 mar01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mar00030 mar00230 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:mar00030 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:mar00040 mar00030 mar01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:mar00040 mar00030 mar01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mar00052 mar01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mar00052 mar01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mar00500 mar01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mar00500 mar01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:mar00500 mar01100 mar01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mar00520 mar01250 mar01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mar00520 mar00052 mar01250 mar01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mar00520 mar01250 mar01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mar00630 mar01200 mar01100 mar01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:mar00630 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mar00280 mar00630 mar00640 mar01200 mar01100]
M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:mar00030 mar00230 mar00240 mar00630 mar01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:mar00710 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mar00620 mar00710 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:mar00620 mar00710 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:mar00430 mar00620 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]

Methane metabolism
M00567 Methanogenesis, CO2 => methane [PATH:mar00680 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00357 Methanogenesis, acetate => methane [PATH:mar00680 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00356 Methanogenesis, methanol => methane [PATH:mar00680 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]
M00358 Coenzyme M biosynthesis [PATH:mar00680 mar01240 mar01100 mar01120]
M00608 2-Oxocarboxylic acid chain extension, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate => 2-oxopimelate => 2-oxosuberate [PATH:mar00300 mar00680 mar01210 mar01230 mar01240 mar01100 mar01120]
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:mar00030 mar00680 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100 mar01120]
M00378 F420 biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mar00680 mar01240 mar01100 mar01120]
M00422 Acetyl-CoA pathway, CO2 => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mar00680 mar01200 mar01100 mar01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:mar00910 mar01100 mar01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mar00910 mar01100 mar01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mar00910 mar01100 mar01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:mar00910 mar01100 mar01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:mar00920 mar01100 mar01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:mar00920 mar01100 mar01120]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:mar00195 mar01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:mar00195 mar01100]
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mar00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mar00190 mar00195 mar01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:mar00190 mar01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mar00061 mar01212 mar01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mar00061 mar01212 mar01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mar00061 mar00071 mar01212 mar01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mar00071 mar01212 mar01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mar00561 mar01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mar00564 mar01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mar00230 mar01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mar00230 mar01232 mar01240 mar01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mar00230 mar01232 mar01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mar00230 mar00240 mar01232 mar01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mar00230 mar01232 mar01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mar00230 mar01232 mar01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:mar00230 mar01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mar00240 mar01240 mar01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mar00240 mar01232 mar01240 mar01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mar00240 mar01232 mar01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mar00240 mar00410 mar00770 mar01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mar00260 mar00680 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mar00260 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mar00260 mar00630 mar00785 mar01200 mar01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mar00260 mar01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:mar00260 mar01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:mar00260 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100 mar01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mar00270 mar00920 mar01200 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mar00260 mar00270 mar01230 mar01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:mar00270 mar01230 mar01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mar00270 mar01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mar00290 mar00770 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:mar00290 mar00660 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mar00290 mar01230 mar01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mar00290 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mar00280 mar01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mar00300 mar01230 mar01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mar00300 mar01230 mar01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mar00300 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mar00220 mar01210 mar01230 mar01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mar00220 mar01230 mar01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mar00330 mar01230 mar01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mar00330 mar01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mar00330 mar01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:mar00330 mar01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:mar00330 mar01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mar00330 mar01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mar00340 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mar00340 mar01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mar00400 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mar00400 mar01230 mar01100 mar01110]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:mar00350 mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mar00250 mar00650 mar01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mar00480 mar01240 mar01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:mar00540 mar01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:mar00540 mar01250 mar01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:mar00540 mar01250 mar01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:mar00730 mar01240 mar01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mar00730 mar01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mar00740 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mar00750 mar01240 mar01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mar00750 mar01240 mar01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mar00760 mar01240 mar01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:mar00760 mar01100 mar01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:mar00770 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mar00770 mar01240 mar01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:mar00780 mar01240 mar01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mar00780 mar01240 mar01100]
M00950 Biotin biosynthesis, BioU pathway, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mar00780 mar01240 mar01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mar00785 mar01240 mar01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mar00785 mar01240 mar01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:mar00790 mar00670 mar01240 mar01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mar00790 mar01240 mar01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:mar00670 mar01240 mar01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:mar00860 mar01240 mar01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:mar00130 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:mar00130 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:mar00130 mar01240 mar01100 mar01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mar00900 mar01100 mar01110]
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:mar00900 mar01100 mar01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:mar00900 mar01100 mar01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:mar00900 mar01100 mar01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mar00900 mar01100 mar01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:mar00521 mar00523 mar00541 mar01250 mar01100 mar01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:mar00361 mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:mar00627 mar01100 mar01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mar00360 mar01220 mar01100 mar01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00625 Methicillin resistance [PATH:mar01501]
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:mar01501]
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00617 Methanogen
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation