KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sed00010 sed01200 sed01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sed00010 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sed00010 sed00020 sed01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sed00010 sed00020 sed00620 sed00785 sed01200 sed01210 sed01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sed00020 sed01200 sed01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sed00020 sed01200 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sed00020 sed01200 sed01210 sed01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sed00030 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sed00030 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sed00030 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100 sed01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sed00030 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100 sed01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sed00030 sed00230 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sed00030 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sed00040 sed00030 sed01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sed00052 sed01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:sed00052 sed01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:sed00053 sed01100 sed01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sed00500 sed01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sed00500 sed01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:sed00500 sed01100 sed01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:sed00520 sed01250 sed01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:sed00520 sed00052 sed01250 sed01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sed00520 sed01250 sed01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:sed00520 sed01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sed00630 sed01200 sed01100 sed01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:sed00630 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sed00280 sed00630 sed00640 sed01200 sed01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sed00620 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:sed00620 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sed00430 sed00620 sed01200 sed01100 sed01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:sed00030 sed00680 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100 sed01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:sed00910 sed01100 sed01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sed00910 sed01100 sed01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sed00910 sed01100 sed01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:sed00910 sed01100 sed01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sed00920 sed01100 sed01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:sed00920 sed01100 sed01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sed00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sed00190 sed01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sed00061 sed01212 sed01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sed00061 sed01212 sed01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sed00061 sed00071 sed01212 sed01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sed00071 sed01212 sed01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sed00564 sed01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sed00564 sed01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sed00230 sed01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sed00230 sed01232 sed01240 sed01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sed00230 sed01232 sed01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sed00230 sed00240 sed01232 sed01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sed00230 sed01232 sed01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sed00230 sed01232 sed01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sed00240 sed01240 sed01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sed00240 sed01232 sed01240 sed01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sed00240 sed01232 sed01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:sed00240 sed00410 sed00770 sed01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sed00260 sed00680 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sed00260 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sed00260 sed00630 sed00785 sed01200 sed01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sed00260 sed01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:sed00260 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100 sed01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sed00270 sed00920 sed01200 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00609 Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:sed00270 sed01230 sed01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sed00270 sed01230 sed01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:sed00270 sed01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sed00290 sed00770 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:sed00290 sed00660 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sed00290 sed01230 sed01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sed00290 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:sed00280 sed01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sed00300 sed01230 sed01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sed00300 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sed00220 sed01210 sed01230 sed01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sed00220 sed01230 sed01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sed00330 sed01230 sed01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sed00330 sed01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sed00330 sed01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:sed00330 sed01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:sed00330 sed01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sed00330 sed01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sed00340 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sed00340 sed01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sed00400 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sed00400 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:sed00400 sed01230 sed01100 sed01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:sed00400 sed01230 sed01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:sed00350 sed01220 sed01100 sed01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sed00480 sed01240 sed01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:sed00470 sed01100]
M00949 Staphylopine biosynthesis, L-histidine => staphylopine [PATH:sed00470 sed01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:sed00540 sed01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:sed00540 sed01250 sed01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:sed00540 sed01250 sed01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:sed00730 sed01240 sed01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sed00730 sed01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sed00740 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sed00750 sed01240 sed01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sed00750 sed01240 sed01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sed00760 sed01240 sed01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sed00770 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sed00770 sed01240 sed01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:sed00780 sed01240 sed01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sed00780 sed01240 sed01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sed00785 sed01240 sed01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sed00785 sed01240 sed01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sed00790 sed00670 sed01240 sed01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sed00790 sed01240 sed01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:sed00670 sed01240 sed01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:sed00860 sed01240 sed01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sed00130 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:sed00130 sed01240 sed01100 sed01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sed00900 sed01100 sed01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sed00900 sed01100 sed01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:sed00521 sed00523 sed00541 sed01250 sed01100 sed01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:sed01100 sed01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:sed01501]
M00725 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, dltABCD operon [PATH:sed01503]
M00726 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) synthase MprF [PATH:sed01503]
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA
M00746 Multidrug resistance, repression of porin OmpF

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation