KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ssp00010 ssp01200 ssp01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ssp00010 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ssp00010 ssp00020 ssp01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ssp00010 ssp00020 ssp00620 ssp00785 ssp01200 ssp01210 ssp01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ssp00020 ssp01200 ssp01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ssp00020 ssp01200 ssp01210 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ssp00020 ssp01200 ssp01210 ssp01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ssp00030 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ssp00030 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ssp00030 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ssp00030 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ssp00030 ssp00230 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:ssp00030 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ssp00040 ssp00030 ssp01100]
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:ssp00040 ssp01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ssp00052 ssp01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ssp00051 ssp00053 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ssp00500 ssp01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ssp00520 ssp01250 ssp01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ssp00520 ssp00052 ssp01250 ssp01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ssp00520 ssp01250 ssp01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ssp00520 ssp01250 ssp01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:ssp00630 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:ssp00630 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ssp00280 ssp00630 ssp00640 ssp01200 ssp01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ssp00562 ssp01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:ssp00620 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:ssp00620 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:ssp00620 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:ssp00430 ssp00620 ssp01200 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ssp00030 ssp00680 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:ssp00910 ssp01100 ssp01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:ssp00910 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:ssp00920 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:ssp01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:ssp01100]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:ssp00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ssp00190 ssp01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ssp00061 ssp01212 ssp01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ssp00061 ssp01212 ssp01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ssp01212 ssp01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ssp00061 ssp00071 ssp01212 ssp01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ssp00071 ssp01212 ssp01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:ssp00100 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ssp00561 ssp01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ssp00561 ssp01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ssp00564 ssp01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:ssp00564 ssp01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ssp01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:ssp00592 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ssp00230 ssp01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ssp00230 ssp01232 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ssp00230 ssp01232 ssp01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ssp00230 ssp00240 ssp01232 ssp01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ssp00230 ssp01232 ssp01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:ssp00230 ssp01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ssp00240 ssp01232 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ssp00240 ssp01232 ssp01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ssp00240 ssp00410 ssp00770 ssp01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ssp00260 ssp00680 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ssp00260 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ssp00260 ssp00630 ssp00785 ssp01200 ssp01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ssp00260 ssp01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:ssp00260 ssp01210 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ssp00270 ssp00920 ssp01200 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ssp00260 ssp00270 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:ssp00270 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ssp00270 ssp01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ssp00270 ssp01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:ssp00270 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ssp00290 ssp00770 ssp01210 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ssp00290 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:ssp00290 ssp01210 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ssp00280 ssp01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:ssp00300 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:ssp00300 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:ssp00220 ssp01210 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ssp00220 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ssp00330 ssp01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:ssp00340 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ssp00340 ssp01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:ssp00400 ssp01230 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ssp00350 ssp01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ssp00250 ssp00650 ssp01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ssp00480 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ssp00470 ssp01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ssp01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ssp01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:ssp01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:ssp01250 ssp01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:ssp00730 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:ssp00730 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:ssp00730 ssp01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:ssp00740 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ssp00750 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ssp00750 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ssp00760 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:ssp00770 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ssp00770 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:ssp00780 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:ssp00785 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ssp00785 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ssp00785 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:ssp00790 ssp00670 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ssp00790 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:ssp00670 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:ssp00860 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:ssp00860 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:ssp00860 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:ssp00860 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:ssp00130 ssp01240 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ssp00900 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:ssp00900 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:ssp00900 ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:ssp00900 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:ssp00521 ssp00541 ssp01250 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
M00674 Clavaminate biosynthesis, arginine + glyceraldehyde-3P => clavaminate [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]

Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00805 Staurosporine biosynthesis, tryptophan => staurosporine [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00838 Undecylprodigiosin biosynthesis, L-proline => undecylprodigiosin [PATH:ssp01100 ssp01110]
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:ssp00997 ssp01100 ssp01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:ssp01501]
M00651 Vancomycin resistance, D-Ala-D-Lac type [PATH:ssp01502 ssp02020]
M00725 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, dltABCD operon [PATH:ssp01503]
M00726 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) synthase MprF [PATH:ssp01503]
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation